Dissertation: Understanding Ritual Reorganization in Late Prehistoric Western Pueblos: A Case Study on Homol'ovi

论文：了解史前晚期西部普韦布洛人的仪式重组：以 Homolovi 为例

• 批准号: 0003049
• 负责人: E. Charles Adams
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0003049&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Understanding; Ritual; Reorganization; Late

Under the direction of Dr. E. Charles Adams Mr. Vincent LaMotta will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. His goal is to understand the factors which permitted effective functioning and coordination of activities of late prehistoric period Pueblo people in the Four Corners region of the Southwestern USA. The period known as the Pueblo III-IV transition, beginning in the mid-13th century AD and continuing through the early 1400s was characterized throughout the northern Southwest by major demographic shifts. The Four Corners region was largely abandoned by 1300, populations having emigrated to a few large settlement clusters with some sites housing over a thousand people. By the mid 14th century, average settlement size had increased by up to 500% or more over levels of just 50-100 years before. Aggregated Pueblo IV communities departed radically from the more typical pattern of dispersed low-density settlements that characterized the prehistory of the region up to that time. While earlier Puebloan experiments with aggregated life were relatively short-lived, Pueblo IV community patterns persisted for centuries into the historic period. These characteristics of such communities have stimulated much debate about the social mechanisms that facilitated aggregation and integration. Several archaeologists have proposed that Puebloan peoples developed rituals which played a central role in effecting and sustaining this pattern. For many years the Arizona State Museum has conducted excavation at a series of Homol'ovi sites which span this transitional period and these will form the basis for Mr. LaMotta's research. He believes that "ritual sodalities" observed in the ethnographic present emerged during the late prehistoric period and served an important integrating function. A ritual sodality is a ceremonial organization whose membership cross-cuts kinship lines and which typically performs public and semi-public rituals. The problem, as Mr. LaMotta notes is how to identify solidalities in the archaeological record and distinguish them from other types of family and kin based ritual groups which also were likely to exist. He has developed a series of criteria which serve this goal and with NSF support will supervise the analysis of excavated faunal and floral remains to determine whether, and when in the archaeological sequence the data conform to the expected pattern. This research is significant for the insight it will provide into how complex societies arise and are maintained. The work will also contribute to training a promising young scientist.

在E博士的指导下，查尔斯·亚当斯文森特·拉莫塔先生将为他的博士论文收集数据。他的目标是了解美国西南部四角地区史前晚期普韦布洛人活动的有效运作和协调的因素。从公元世纪中期开始，一直持续到15世纪初的普韦布洛三世到四世的过渡时期，整个北方西南部的人口结构发生了重大变化。四角地区在1300年被遗弃，人口迁移到几个大型定居点，其中一些地方居住着超过一千人。到了世纪中期，定居点的平均规模比50-100年前增加了500%或更多。普韦布洛四世的聚集社区与当时该地区史前的分散低密度住区的典型模式大相径庭。虽然早期普韦布洛人的聚合生活实验相对短暂，但普韦布洛四世的社区模式持续了几个世纪。此类社区的这些特征引发了关于促进聚集和融合的社会机制的许多争论。几位考古学家提出，普韦布洛人发展了一些仪式，在影响和维持这种模式方面发挥了核心作用。多年来，亚利桑那州立博物馆在一系列跨越这一过渡时期的Homol'ovi遗址进行了挖掘，这些遗址将成为LaMotta先生研究的基础。他认为，在民族志中观察到的“仪式性社交”出现在史前晚期，并发挥了重要的整合功能。仪式联谊会是一种仪式组织，其成员跨越亲属关系，通常进行公开和半公开的仪式。正如LaMotta先生指出的那样，问题是如何在考古记录中识别团结，并将其与其他类型的家庭和亲属仪式团体区分开来，这些仪式团体也可能存在。他已经制定了一系列服务于这一目标的标准，并在NSF的支持下，将监督对挖掘出的动物和植物遗骸的分析，以确定在考古序列中数据是否以及何时符合预期的模式。这项研究对于深入了解复杂社会是如何产生和维持的具有重要意义。这项工作还将有助于培养一名有前途的年轻科学家。