Tracking the Causes and Consequences of Racial Disparities in Imprisonment

SES-0136833帕梅拉·奥利弗威斯康星州大学麦迪逊分校该试点项目将研究创建一个数据库的可行性，该数据库将允许PI研究监禁增加的总体趋势和监禁中种族差异的增加，以及这些趋势的地理和时间差异。 PI将使用关于逮捕、监禁的官方数据集，并将其与社会、经济和人口因素相结合，以创建新的纵向数据集，从而控制当前和以前报告的犯罪和种族特定的逮捕率以及预测监禁率的社会因素。 在跨部门，最严重的犯罪被发现占很少的种族差异在监狱招生;不同的逮捕率和不同的监狱/逮捕比例在毒品犯罪和财产犯罪占大多数的监禁差距。 这项研究旨在确定导致对非裔美国人的毒品犯罪和低级别犯罪的高执法水平的因素。 将对一系列假设进行检验，即，这种强制执行是对以下情况的反应：先前严重暴力犯罪率上升;少数族裔和白人移民或融合增加;影响犯罪或治安的外部宏观经济或政治因素;或毒品恐慌等"冲击"。 其次，它试图确定非裔美国人监禁率高的后果，检验假设，即，除去控制，黑人监禁率对黑人的经济福利和家庭稳定产生了不利影响，间接导致犯罪率上升。现有的官方数据集将被处理，以创建这个新的纵向数据集，其中包含有关种族和犯罪的县级数据。具体的逮捕和监禁率，沿着各种各样的社会、经济和法律的指标。 将为1983 - 1997年期间建立数据集，并通过合并来自国家教养报告方案和统一犯罪报告的数据以及沿着来自人口普查局、司法统计局和其他来源的关于执法、教养、社会、经济和人口因素的其他数据来完成。

SES-0136833Pamela OliverUniversity of Wisconsin, MadisonThis pilot project will examine the feasibility of creating a database that will allow the PI to study both the overall trend of rising imprisonment and rising racial disparities in imprisonment, and geographical and temporal differences in these trends. The PI will use official data sets on arrests, imprisonment merged with social, economic, and demographic factors to create the new longitudinal data set that allow one to control for current and previous reported crimes and race-specific arrest rates as well as social factors in predicting imprisonment rates. Cross-sectionally, the most serious crime is found to account for very little of the racial disparity in prison admissions; differential arrest rates and differential prison/arrest ratios in drug offenses and property crimes account for the majority of imprisonment disparity. The research seeks to determine the factors that lead to high enforcement levels against African Americans for drug offenses and lower-level offenses. A range of hypotheses will be tested, i.e., this enforcement arises as a reaction to prior elevated levels of serious violent crimes, to increasing in-migration or integration of minorities and whites, to exogenous macroeconomic or political factors that affect crime or policing, or to "shocks" such as drug panics. Secondly, it seeks to identify the consequences of high rates of imprisonment of African Americans, testing the hypothesis that, net of controls, black imprisonment rates adversely affects black economic well-being and family stability in a manner that indirectly contribute to increasing crime ratesExisting official data sets will be processed to create this new longitudinal data set containing county-level data on race-and offense-specific arrest and incarceration rates, along with a wide variety of social, economic and legal indicators. The data set will be constructed for the time period of 1983-1997 and completed by merging data from the National Corrections Reporting Program and the Uniform Crime Reports, along with other data on law enforcement, corrections, social, economic and demographic factors from the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Justice Statistics and other sources.