ADVANCE Fellows Award: Modularity of the Arthropod Body Plan: A Comparative Test

ADVANCE 研究员奖：节肢动物身体计划的模块化：比较测试

• 批准号: 0137609
• 负责人: Terri Williams
• 金额: $ 40万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-15 至 2006-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0137609&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ADVANCE; Fellows; Award; Modularity; Arthropod

Ants, spiders, and lobsters (arthropods) are built from repeated parts called body segments. Typically each segment has one pair of limbs and these limbs define the lifestyles of different arthropods: they can be used for walking, swimming, feeding, etc. Comparisons of animals as different as crabs and flies, show that segments and limbs can be very differently specialized in different arthropod groups. However, it is still unknown whether segments can evolve such specializations independently. Are segments along the body axis free to evolve on their own or do evolutionary specializations of one segment cause neighboring segments to change? This question will be tested in selected groups of crustaceans by comparing changes to limb and segment structure in closely related species. From these data, the evolutionary pattern of segment evolution can be reconstructed to determine the degree to which segments can evolve independently. This evolutionary analysis will be coupled to a series of experiments on crustacean embryos to evaluate how evolutionary patterns of segmentation are linked to mechanisms that generate segments during development. The major groups of animals are distinct in the ways their bodies are built, that is, they show distinct body plans. Understanding how body plans are organized provides a tool for interpreting how they evolve. This works addresses a fundamental question about the evolution of arthropod body plans: do arthropods have a modular design? This work will then explicitly link the modularity shown in evolution to modularity in development.

蚂蚁、蜘蛛和龙虾（节肢动物）是由称为身体部分的重复部分组成的。通常每个节有一对肢体，这些肢体定义了不同节肢动物的生活方式：它们可以用于行走，游泳，喂养等动物的比较，如螃蟹和苍蝇，表明节和肢体可以在不同的节肢动物群中非常不同。然而，它仍然是未知的部分是否可以独立地发展这样的专业化。沿着身体轴的沿着体节是否可以自由地进化，或者一个体节的进化特化是否会导致相邻体节的变化？这个问题将通过比较密切相关物种的肢体和节结构的变化，在选定的甲壳类动物群体中进行测试。从这些数据中，可以重建片段进化的进化模式，以确定片段可以独立进化的程度。这种进化分析将结合一系列甲壳动物胚胎实验，以评估分割的进化模式如何与发育过程中产生片段的机制联系起来。动物的主要群体在它们的身体构造方面是不同的，也就是说，它们表现出不同的身体结构。了解身体计划是如何组织的，为解释它们如何演变提供了一个工具。这项工程解决了一个基本问题的进化节肢动物的身体计划：节肢动物有一个模块化的设计？然后，这项工作将明确地将进化中显示的模块化与开发中的模块化联系起来。