Late Pleistocene Forager Adaptations at the Gateway to the New World

更新世晚期采集者在通往新世界的门户上的适应

• 批准号: 0227962
• 负责人: William Andrefsky
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-08-01 至 2004-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0227962&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Late; Pleistocene; Forager; Adaptations; Gateway

Under the direction of Dr. William Andrefsky, Mr. Jeff Rasic will conduct research for his doctoral dissertation. He will analyze excavated lithic collections from ten sites in northwestern Alaska that date to between 10,000 and 11,000 years ago. With support from the National Science Foundation Mr. Rasic will develop two additional data sets. He will conduct excavations at the Caribou Crossing site and will geochemically characterize chert artifacts from several sites. Preliminary research at the Caribou Crossing site demonstrates that it has good spatial integrity, a rich artifact assemblage, and good potential for recovery of radiocarbon samples. Stone tools and the debris resulting from their modification are all that remain of these early hunter-gatherer's camps and are thus an important basis for understanding how they lived. Technological, functional and raw material source analyses of these artifacts aim to understand how raw materials were procured, how tools were manufactured and used, and how they were transported across the landscape. A primary goal of the study is to increase understanding of the behavioral and ecological factors that conditioned variation among stone tool assemblages, and in turn, to learn about the behavioral strategies used by some of the earliest inhabitants of northwestern Alaska.Arctic Alaska is a key region in many scenarios describing the initial settlement of the New World, but the Alaskan archaeological record remains difficult to incorporate into these arguments since few sites are reliably dated beyond 10,000 years ago, and the lifeways of these people are poorly known. This research is important for several reasons. It will generate and disseminate information in the form of stone tool assemblage descriptions, radiocarbon dates, and chert provenance data from a series of early Alaskan sites. Models of human adaptive strategies derived from this study will facilitate comparisons among early hunter-gatherers in the New World and Siberia and illuminate the processes by which the Americas were settled. It will also shed light on the diversity of adaptations known for hunter-gatherer societies both past and present and assist in the training of a promising young scientist.

在William Andrefsky博士的指导下，Jeff Rasic先生将为他的博士论文进行研究。他将分析从阿拉斯加西北部10个地点出土的石器收藏品，这些地点的历史可以追溯到10,000到11,000年前。在国家科学基金会的支持下，Rasic先生将开发另外两个数据集。他将在Caribou Crossing遗址进行挖掘，并将对来自几个遗址的燧石文物进行地球化学表征。在Caribou Crossing现场的初步研究表明，它具有良好的空间完整性，丰富的人工制品组合，以及回收放射性碳样品的良好潜力。石器工具及其改造后的碎片是这些早期狩猎采集者营地的全部遗迹，因此是了解他们如何生活的重要基础。对这些文物的技术、功能和原材料来源分析旨在了解原材料是如何采购的，工具是如何制造和使用的，以及它们是如何在景观中运输的。这项研究的主要目标是增加对石器组合之间的行为和生态因素的了解，从而了解阿拉斯加西北部一些最早的居民所使用的行为策略。阿拉斯加北极是描述新大陆最初定居的许多场景中的关键地区，但阿拉斯加的考古记录仍然很难纳入这些论点，因为很少有遗址的可靠日期超过10,000年前，这些人的生活方式知之甚少。这项研究之所以重要，有几个原因。它将以石器组合描述、放射性碳年代测定和来自一系列早期阿拉斯加遗址的燧石来源数据的形式产生和传播信息。从这项研究中得出的人类适应策略模型将有助于比较新世界和西伯利亚早期狩猎采集者之间的差异，并阐明美洲定居的过程。它还将揭示过去和现在狩猎采集社会已知的适应多样性，并协助培训有前途的年轻科学家。