Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory and Laboratory (MEVOL)

埃里伯斯山火山观测站和实验室 (MEVOL)

• 批准号: 0229305
• 负责人: Philip Kyle
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-05-15 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0229305&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mount; Erebus; Volcano; Observatory; Laboratory

This award, provided by the Antarctic Geology and Geophysics Program of the Office of Polar Programs, supports continuation and expansion of the volcano monitoring program on Mount Erebus, Antarctica. Mount Erebus, Antarctica 's most active volcano, is a rare example of a persistently active magmatic system. The volcano has a history of low-level eruptive activity associated with a highly accessible summit vent complex, and features one of Earth 's few long-lived lava lakes. This project will develop an interdisciplinary geophysics/geochemistry laboratory on Mount Erebus, for the purpose of pursuing basic research on the eruption physics and associated magmatic recharge of active volcanoes. Erebus is especially appropriate for this goal because of its persistent open-conduit magmatic system, frequent eruptions, logistical ease of access (by Antarctic standards), established scientific and logistical infrastructure, including real-time data links, and relative safety. Key integrated data gathering components for this work include video surveillance, seismic, infrasound, Doppler radar, infrared, volcanic gas, and geodetic studies. This project is a renewal of the NSF-supported "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory" (MEVO) and benefits significantly from an underway instrumentation development award (Major Research Instrumentation award MRI-0116577, "Development of Integrated Seismic, Geodetic, and Volcanic Gas Surveillance Instrumentation for Volcanic Research ", to develop and deploy integrated low-power, low cost, real-time-telemetered volcano monitoring stations at Erebus and on other active volcanoes.The intellectual merit of this activity includes developing quantitative models of the magmatic system of an active volcano constrained by interdisciplinary methods, including the fundamental issues of eruptive energy balance (gravity, explosive gas decompression, thermal, seismic, acoustic, and kinetic components), and magma recharge (volcanic tremor, convection, residence time, gas emissions, deformation). This project will bring the aforementioned host of data collection activities to bear on these processes using a combination of core MEVOLab-supported personnel and their students (with specialties in seismology, gas studies, and general volcanology) and partially independently supported and internationally recognized volcano researchers (with specialties in infrared, Doppler radar, gas studies, and infrasound).The broader scientific impact of this research is to contribute substantially to fundamental knowledge of the basic processes of diverse active volcanoes worldwide. MEVOLab, in association with the aforementioned MRI project, would also contribute to the modernization, diversi?cation, and novel application of modern instrumentation on volcanoes worldwide (many volcanoes, particularly in the developing world, have little or no modern instrumentation), and in the development of low-power, low cost interdisciplinary geophysical observatories within the larger seismology, geodesy and other geophysical communities. Further broad impacts include the education of graduate and undergraduate students in volcanology and geophysics, the dissemination of information to high-school audiences in association with the Teachers Experiencing Antarctica program, and providing timely year-round monitoring information to NSF and to McMurdo operations. Finally, this work would continue public outreach through lectures, media interaction, and in responding to inquiries from the general public to convey the excitement, science, and societal relevance of volcanology and general Earth science.

该奖项由极地计划办公室南极地质和地球物理计划提供，支持南极埃里巴斯火山监测计划的继续和扩大。南极洲埃里巴斯火山是S火山中最活跃的火山，它是一个罕见的持续活跃的岩浆系统的例子。这座火山有低水平喷发活动的历史，与一个高度可到达的顶峰喷口综合体有关，并以地球上为数不多的长寿熔岩湖之一S为特色。该项目将在埃里巴斯火山建立一个跨学科的地球物理/地球化学实验室，以开展活火山喷发物理和相关岩浆补给的基础研究。Erebus特别适合于这一目标，因为其持续的开放管道岩浆系统、频繁的喷发、后勤便利(以南极标准衡量)、建立的科学和后勤基础设施，包括实时数据链接，以及相对安全。这项工作的关键综合数据收集组件包括视频监视、地震、次声、多普勒雷达、红外、火山气体和大地测量研究。该项目是美国国家科学基金会支持的“埃里巴斯火山观测站”(MOVO)的更新，并显著受益于正在进行的仪器开发奖(重大研究仪器奖MRI-0116577，“用于火山研究的综合地震、大地测量和火山气体监测仪器的开发”)，在埃里巴斯和其他活火山上开发和部署集成的低功率、低成本、实时遥测的火山监测站。这项活动的智力价值包括建立受跨学科方法约束的活火山岩浆系统的定量模型，包括喷发能量平衡(重力、爆炸气体减压、热、地震、声学、喷发能量平衡)等基本问题以及岩浆补给(火山震动、对流、停留时间、气体排放、变形)。该项目将利用由MEVOLab支持的核心人员及其学生(专业是地震学、气体研究和一般火山学)和部分独立支持和国际公认的火山研究人员(专业是红外、多普勒雷达、气体研究和次声)的组合，将上述大量数据收集活动应用于这些过程。这项研究的更广泛的科学影响是对世界各地不同活火山的基本过程的基本知识做出重大贡献。MEVOLab与上述核磁共振项目合作，还将有助于世界各地火山现代仪器的现代化、多样化和新的应用(许多火山，特别是发展中国家的火山，几乎没有现代仪器)，以及在更大的地震学、大地测量学和其他地球物理界内发展低功率、低成本的跨学科地球物理观测站。更广泛的影响包括对研究生和本科生进行火山学和地球物理学方面的教育，结合教师体验南极洲计划向高中受众传播信息，并向国家科学基金会和麦克默多行动提供及时的全年监测信息。最后，这项工作将继续通过讲座、媒体互动和回应普通公众的询问来继续向公众宣传火山学和一般地球科学的激动人心、科学和社会意义。