Shackleton Glacier Area: Evolution of Vegetation during the Triassic

沙克尔顿冰川地区:三叠纪期间植被的演化

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0229877
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2003-07-01 至 2007-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

This award, provided by the Antarctic Geology and Geophysics Program of the Office of Polar Programs, supports a study of the Triassic plant fossils from the Central Transantarctic Mountains. The terrestrial rocks of the central Transantarctic Mountains have been a source of outstanding fossil discoveries over the last 30 years, including Permian and Triassic permineralized peat, fossil forests silicified in growth position, and compression floras with cuticular preservation, as well as the interesting Sirius Group fossils, and the first Jurassic dinosaur from the continent, to name only a few. The rare juxtaposition of sites that include many different types of plant preservation, the exceptional quality of the plant fossils, and the biodiversity of the sites make this area unique in the world. The Paleozoic/Mesozoic transition is a critical time in plant evolution. A unique variety of seed plant groups existed and several of these have been suggested as angiosperm (flowering plant) ancestors. There was also a massive floral change from the Permian to the Triassic. The Permian of Gondwana is dominated by glossopterid seed ferns (leaf type = Glossopteris), but these plants disappeared at the boundary to be replaced by the corystosperm seed ferns (leaf type = Dicroidium), which persisted throughout the Triassic. Although the Corystospermales were the dominant plant group in the Triassic of Gondwana, we currently know very little about their biology and evolution. Recent additions to our knowledge of corystosperm phylogeny have come from permineralized peat from the Beardmore Glacier area and from exceptionally well-preserved compression fossils from the Shackleton Glacier area. While most fossil plants occur as disarticulates leaves, stems, and reproductive organs, many in the Shackleton Glacier area are partially articulated, thus making it possible to relate the diversity of plant parts and gain a more accurate picture of the entire plant and its place within the ecosystem. This project will center on the collection and study of Triassic floras from the Shackleton Glacier area. Fieldwork will be conducted in the 2003-2004 field season using two remote camps established via Twin Otter of helicopter. The sites to be collected include Collinson Ridge and an unnamed ridge southeast of Schroeder Hill. The latter has already yielded the only known example of a Dicroidium frond organically attached to an axis bearing Umkomasia reproductive organs, which has allowed a better understanding of the phylogenetic position of these enigmatic seed plants, especially in relationship to flowering plants. In addition to compression fossils, this site also includes some permineralized peat and in situ fossil stumps. The Collinson Ridge site is important because it contains fossil peat and logs in presumably Lower Triassic rocks. Megafossil plants of this age are currently unknown on the continent, although palynomorphs have been recovered and root traces are relatively common. Preliminary analysis of petrified material collected during the 1995-1996 field season, however, shows a large number of Glossopteris leaves in this peat, suggesting that perhaps it is Late Permian rather than Early Triassic. Thus the fossil flora, as it is currently known, is at odds with the age based on vertebrate fossils. It is important to elucidate the biostratigraphy of this area because the position of the Permian-Triassic boundary is crucial in understanding the timing of terrestrial extinctions around the boundary. Further collecting at both of these sites and analysis of the fossil material in the laboratory will address these discrepancies and yield important new information about Triassic plant evolution.Paleobotany is ideally suited to education and outreach activities. Workshops and temporary exhibits have been developed on Antarctic science through the public outreach programs of the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center, and this activity will be continued under this project. Student involvement has also been extensive and will be continued through research experiences for undergraduates.
该奖项由极地项目办公室南极地质学和地球物理学项目提供,支持对中跨南极山脉三叠纪植物化石的研究。在过去的30年里,横贯南极山脉中部的陆地岩石一直是杰出的化石发现的来源,包括二叠纪和三叠纪的过矿化泥炭,生长位置硅化的化石森林,以及具有表皮保护的压缩植物群,以及有趣的天狼星群化石,以及来自大陆的第一只侏罗纪恐龙,仅举几例。包括许多不同类型的植物保护,植物化石的特殊质量和遗址的生物多样性在内的罕见并置使该地区在世界上独一无二。古生界/中生代之交是植物演化的关键时期。存在着一种独特的种子植物群,其中一些被认为是被子植物(开花植物)的祖先。从二叠纪到三叠纪植物种类也发生了巨大的变化。冈瓦纳的二叠纪主要是舌羊齿种子蕨类植物(叶型为舌羊齿),但这些植物在边界消失,取而代之的是在整个三叠纪持续存在的囊子种子蕨类植物(叶型为Dicroidium)。虽然孔孢子虫目是冈瓦纳三叠纪的优势植物类群,但目前对其生物学和进化的了解还很少。最近,我们对珊瑚虫发育的了解来自比尔德摩尔冰川地区的过矿化泥炭和沙克尔顿冰川地区保存异常完好的压缩化石。虽然大多数植物化石是以分离的叶、茎和生殖器官的形式出现的,但沙克尔顿冰川地区的许多植物化石是部分分离的,因此可以将植物部分的多样性联系起来,并获得整个植物及其在生态系统中的位置的更准确的图片。该项目将集中在沙克尔顿冰川地区三叠纪植物群的收集和研究。将在2003 - 2004年实地考察季节利用"双水獭"直升机建立的两个偏远营地进行实地考察。收集的地点包括科林森岭和施罗德山东南部一个未命名的岭。后者已经产生了唯一已知的例子,Dicroidium frond有机地连接到轴轴承Umkomasia生殖器官,这使得更好地了解这些神秘的种子植物的系统发育位置,特别是在显花植物的关系。除了压缩化石,该遗址还包括一些矿化泥炭和原位化石树桩。柯林森岭遗址是重要的,因为它包含化石泥炭和木材在推测下三叠世岩石。这个时代的巨型化石植物目前在大陆上尚不为人所知,尽管已经发现了孢粉形植物,根的痕迹也相对常见。然而,对1995 - 1996年野外采集的石化材料进行的初步分析表明,在这片泥炭中有大量的舌羊齿属植物的叶子,这表明它可能是晚二叠世而不是早三叠世。因此,目前已知的化石植物群与基于脊椎动物化石的年龄不一致。阐明这一地区的生物地层学是很重要的,因为二叠纪-三叠纪界线的位置对于了解界线周围陆地活动的时间至关重要。在这两个地点的进一步收集和在实验室中对化石材料的分析将解决这些差异,并产生有关三叠纪植物进化的重要新信息。古植物学非常适合教育和推广活动。通过堪萨斯大学自然历史博物馆和生物多样性研究中心的公众宣传方案,举办了关于南极科学的讲习班和临时展览,这项活动将在本项目下继续进行。学生的参与也很广泛,并将通过本科生的研究经验继续下去。

项目成果

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Edith Taylor其他文献

Edith Taylor的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Edith Taylor', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: Permian and Triassic Icehouse to Greenhouse Paleoenvironments and Paleobotany in the Shackleton Glacier Area, Antarctica
合作研究:南极洲沙克尔顿冰川地区的二叠纪和三叠纪冰室到温室古环境和古植物学
  • 批准号:
    1443546
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
CSBR: Natural History: Securing Paleobotanical Collections at the University of Kansas: Evolution of Seed Plants and Antarctic Fossil Plants
CSBR:自然历史:堪萨斯大学古植物收藏的保护:种子植物和南极化石植物的进化
  • 批准号:
    1561315
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Life in a Volcanic Landscape: Early Jurassic Paleoenvironments and Paleobotany
合作研究:火山景观中的生命:早侏罗世古环境和古植物学
  • 批准号:
    1142495
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Antarctic Ecosystems across the Permian-Triassic Boundary: Integrating Paleobotany, Sedimentology, and Paleoecology
合作研究:跨越二叠纪-三叠纪边界的南极生态系统:整合古植物学、沉积学和古生态学
  • 批准号:
    0943934
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Understanding the Diversity and Biology of Microbes in Late Paleozoic Ecosystems
了解晚古生代生态系统中微生物的多样性和生物学
  • 批准号:
    0949947
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
U.S. South Africa Dissertation Enhancement: Late Paleozoic Fossil Plants from Gondwana: Clarifying the Role of Glossopterids In Seed Plant Evolution
美国南非论文强化:冈瓦纳古生代晚期植物化石:阐明舌蕨科植物在种子植物进化中的作用
  • 批准号:
    0825291
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Permineralized Plants from the Permian and Triassic of Antarctica: A Critical Time in Seed Plant Evolution
南极洲二叠纪和三叠纪的全矿化植物:种子植物进化的关键时期
  • 批准号:
    0635477
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Permian and Triassic Floras of the Beardmore Glacier Area: Icehouse or Greenhouse?
比尔德莫尔冰川地区的二叠纪和三叠纪植物群:冰库还是温室?
  • 批准号:
    0126230
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Permian-Triassic Paleobotany and Paleoclimate of the Central Transantarctic Mountains
横贯南极中部山脉的二叠纪-三叠纪古植物学和古气候
  • 批准号:
    0003620
  • 财政年份:
    2001
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Support for Paleobotanical Collection at the University of Kansas Natural History Museum and Biodiversity Research Center
支持堪萨斯大学自然历史博物馆和生物多样性研究中心的古植物收藏
  • 批准号:
    9712340
  • 财政年份:
    1997
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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加拿大北极群岛的冰川-海洋相互作用和海冰退缩 - 过去、现在和未来 提案标题 对于战略项目,请指出目标区域和研究
  • 批准号:
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Collaborative Research: Permian and Triassic Icehouse to Greenhouse Paleoenvironments and Paleobotany in the Shackleton Glacier Area, Antarctica
合作研究:南极洲沙克尔顿冰川地区的二叠纪和三叠纪冰室到温室古环境和古植物学
  • 批准号:
    1443546
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
    $ 43.23万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Permian and Triassic Icehouse to Greenhouse Paleoenvironments and Paleobotany in the Shackleton Glacier Area, Antarctica
合作研究:南极洲沙克尔顿冰川地区的二叠纪和三叠纪冰室到温室古环境和古植物学
  • 批准号:
    1443557
  • 财政年份:
    2016
  • 资助金额:
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Paleoenvironmental and Paleoclimatic Analysis of the Beacon Supergroup, Beardmore Glacier Area, Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica
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Paleobiology and Taphonomy of Exceptional Preserved Fossils from Jurassic Lacustrine Deposits, Beardmore Glacier Area and Southern Victoria Land, Antarctica
南极洲比尔德莫尔冰川地区和维多利亚州南部地区侏罗纪湖泊沉积物中保存完好的化石的古生物学和埋藏学
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