Multi-Community Polity Formation in the Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia

玻利维亚的的喀喀湖盆地多社区政体的形成

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0234011
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 28.63万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2003-04-01 至 2007-03-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Christine Hastorf and her colleagues will conduct three field seasons of archaeological research on the Taraco Peninsula along the southwestern shore of Lake Titicaca in modern day Bolivia, studying the Taraco Peninsula Polity. The international team brings together specialists in archaeology, geoarchaeology, botanicarchaeology, and zooarchaeology to conduct a coordinated investigation into the origins and development of the early and longest lived Andean state, the urban city Tiwanaku. This large city held dominion over the southcentral Andean region for over 600 years, consolidating around ACE 500. To investigate the foundations of this state and their developments the researhers will test three models. One model proposes that this development was funded by large scale intensive raised field agricultural systems controlled by an elite class. This strategy would have gathered in a sizable surplus of staple products, used to underwrite monumental construction and public ceremonialism. The second model posits that Tiwanaku's power was built upon control of long distance trade in wealth and staple goods across the greater southern Andean region, which financed the centralization of power over labor that built the ceremonial center. The third model privileges local social experimentation and strategies by which people were enticed into joining larger communities. This will be studied by pursuing evidence for the development of nested supra-communities through local rituals and lineage development. The Taraco Peninsula Polity was one of the first generation of multi-community groups to arise in the Titicaca Basin, emerging fully by 250 BCE. The beginning of this sequence seems to be at 1000 BCE. Building on their previous work at a site on the Peninsula, this field project will concentrate excavation at three additional sites. These sites span the time phases of this political development, beginning with the earliest settlements on up to when the nearby Tiwanaku drew the populace into its urban sprawl. From the excavations, the team will complete a series of analyses using macro, micro, and chemical analyses to provide concrete data that addresses these three models. These analyses include: 1) identification of crops and associated wild plant taxa to record the agricultural land use changes, 2) charting camelid pack animal use and evidence for the extent of long distance caravans, 3) sourcing and identifying highland stone, Amazonian wood, drug and medicinal plants to track the exchange patterns, and 4) uncovering and mapping ceremonial architecture and associated ritual artifacts to describe the elaboration of communal rituals. The team consists of US, Canadian and Bolivian students and archaeologists, providing an important source for professional training in Bolivia while promoting international collaboration. They also work closely with indigenous communities in building and maintaining small regional museums about their past. There has been a recent surge of archaeological and ethnographic work in the Basin which will place the results within a larger cultural trajectory and clarify the rise and fall of large political entities in the high Andes, perhaps explaining more about long-term sustainability in such environments.
在美国国家科学基金会的支持下,克里斯汀·哈斯托夫博士和她的同事们将在塔拉科半岛的的喀喀湖西南岸(现在的玻利维亚)进行三次实地考古研究,研究塔拉科半岛政体。这个国际团队汇集了考古学、地理考古学、植物考古学和动物考古学的专家,对安第斯山脉早期和最长寿的城市蒂瓦纳库的起源和发展进行了协调调查。这座大城市在安第斯山脉中南部地区统治了600多年,在公元500年左右得到巩固。为了研究这种状态的基础及其发展,研究人员将测试三个模型。一种模型提出,这种发展是由精英阶层控制的大规模集约化养殖农业系统资助的。这一策略将聚集大量剩余的主要产品,用于资助纪念性建筑和公共仪式。第二个模型假设蒂瓦纳库的权力建立在对安第斯大区南部财富和主要商品的长距离贸易的控制之上,这为建立仪式中心的劳动力的权力集中提供了资金。第三种模式为当地的社会实验和策略提供特权,通过这些实验和策略,人们被吸引加入更大的社区。这将通过寻找通过当地仪式和血统发展的嵌套超社区发展的证据来研究。塔拉科半岛政体是第一代出现在的的喀喀湖盆地的多社区群体之一,在公元前250年完全出现。这个序列的开始似乎是在公元前1000年。在他们之前在半岛的一个地点工作的基础上,这个实地项目将集中在另外三个地点进行挖掘。这些地点跨越了政治发展的各个阶段,从最早的定居点开始,直到附近的蒂瓦纳库(Tiwanaku)将人口吸引到其城市扩张中。从挖掘中,团队将完成一系列的分析,使用宏观、微观和化学分析来提供解决这三个模型的具体数据。这些分析包括:1)识别农作物和相关的野生植物分类群,以记录农业土地利用的变化;2)绘制骆驼群动物的使用和长途商队范围的证据;3)寻找和识别高地石头、亚马逊木材、药物和药用植物,以追踪交换模式;4)发现和绘制仪式建筑和相关的仪式文物,以描述公共仪式的精心制作。该团队由美国、加拿大和玻利维亚的学生和考古学家组成,在促进国际合作的同时,为玻利维亚提供了重要的专业培训来源。他们还与土著社区密切合作,建造和维护有关其过去的小型区域博物馆。最近在盆地有大量的考古和民族志工作,这些工作将把结果放在更大的文化轨迹中,并澄清安第斯山脉高地区大型政治实体的兴衰,也许可以解释这种环境下的长期可持续性。

项目成果

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Christine Hastorf其他文献

Christine Hastorf的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Christine Hastorf', 18)}}的其他基金

Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Award: Adaptation to Highly Unpredictable Environments
博士论文改进奖:适应高度不可预测的环境
  • 批准号:
    2019727
  • 财政年份:
    2020
  • 资助金额:
    $ 28.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Domestication and Landscape Management Processes
合作研究:重建驯化和景观管理过程
  • 批准号:
    1920860
  • 财政年份:
    2019
  • 资助金额:
    $ 28.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Communities of Production and Consumption During the Late Formative, Taraco Peninsula, Bolivia
博士论文改进补助金:玻利维亚塔拉科半岛形成后期的生产和消费社区
  • 批准号:
    0631282
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    $ 28.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Ecology, Ritual, and Agriculture at Chavin de Huantar
博士论文改进补助金:Chavin de Huantar 的生态、仪式和农业
  • 批准号:
    0533369
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    $ 28.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: The Inca Conquest in the Colca Valley
博士论文研究:印加人对科尔卡山谷的征服
  • 批准号:
    0234584
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    $ 28.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Collapse and Agricultural Innovation in the Titicaca Basin Formative
论文研究:的的喀喀盆地形成过程中的崩塌与农业创新
  • 批准号:
    9813395
  • 财政年份:
    1998
  • 资助金额:
    $ 28.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
PYI: Imperial Impact on Natural Resources: Prehistoric Political, Economic, and Cultural Research in South America
PYI:帝国对自然资源的影响:南美洲的史前政治、经济和文化研究
  • 批准号:
    9496251
  • 财政年份:
    1994
  • 资助金额:
    $ 28.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
PYI: Imperial Impact on Natural Resources: Prehistoric Political, Economic, and Cultural Research in South America
PYI:帝国对自然资源的影响:南美洲的史前政治、经济和文化研究
  • 批准号:
    8451369
  • 财政年份:
    1985
  • 资助金额:
    $ 28.63万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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