Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Ecology, Ritual, and Agriculture at Chavin de Huantar

博士论文改进补助金：Chavin de Huantar 的生态、仪式和农业

• 批准号: 0533369
• 负责人: Christine Hastorf
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-15 至 2006-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0533369&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Ecology

Under the supervision of Dr. Christine Hastorf, Matthew Sayre will conduct analysis of data gathered from excavations of a domestic sector of the important Andean ceremonial center of Chavin de Huantar. The place of ceremonial centers in early settled life, especially as they interacted and transformed the local domestic communities and the broader landscape, is an important subject in archaeological inquiry. This project will address these issues at the highland Peruvian site of Chavin de Huantar, the presumed ceremonial center of the Early Horizon (900-200 BC). A full analysis of all remains, with special focus on paleoethnobotanical analyses of macroscopic and microscopic plant samples will be completed. Paleoethnobotany is able to address changing agricultural, collecting and food practices because it is one field where the three seemingly discrete areas of ecology, ritual, and agriculture intersect. There are three parts to this project. The first section is the excavation of domestic households in the La Banda region, across the river from the site of Chavin. The La Banda sector is the first contemporaneous domestic community to be accessible at Chavin. Excavations, combined with direct absolute dating, will reliably situate these domestic constructions within the local chronology and determine the relationship of this sector with the monumental sector of Chavin. The second part of the project is a modern agroecological survey, which will be funded by other sources. The third component of the project is a paleoethnobotanical analysis conducted on excavated materials from the domestic and ceremonial areas of Chavin. The paleoethnobotanical research will include the analysis of macrobotanical remains, phytoliths and starch grains from soil samples as well as from use-surfaces of selected artifacts. This research is particularly crucial as the site is postulated to have served as a center for ritual induction through the use of sacred plants. Additionally, the spread of the "Chavin cult" has been important in the debates surrounding the extent of trade and exchange during these early civilizations, especially the place of plants in these exchanges. These research goals are particularly important at a site whose nature has long been inferred without substantial, testable data.The intellectual merit of this study builds on its contribution to wider theoretical discussions of life inside and outside early ceremonial centers, especially for Chavin de Huantar, a site of central importance in the development of civilization in the pre-Hispanic Andes, as well as on Paleoethnobotanical methodology. The broader impacts of this project is seen in the major cultural exchange between Americans and Peruvians providing training opportunities for undergraduate students from several nations. Stanford and UC Berkeley undergraduate and Peruvian students will assist in excavations of the domestic structures in the La Banda region under my supervision and that of project field director, Dr. John Rick. Additionally, four Undergraduate Research Apprentice Program (URAP) students from UC Berkeley will be involved in post-excavation laboratory analysis, with specific emphasis on Latin American students. The results of this research will be widely distributed in both academic and public settings including presentations to Peruvian and American schools.

在克莉丝汀·哈斯托夫博士的监督下，马修·塞尔将对从重要的安第斯仪式中心Chavin de Huantar的国内部分挖掘中收集的数据进行分析。 仪式中心在早期定居生活中的地位，特别是当它们相互作用并改变当地家庭社区和更广泛的景观时，是考古学研究的一个重要课题。该项目将在秘鲁高地的Chavin de Huantar遗址解决这些问题，该遗址被认为是早期地平线（公元前900-200年）的仪式中心。 将完成对所有遗骸的全面分析，特别侧重于宏观和微观植物样本的古民族植物学分析。古民族植物学能够解决不断变化的农业，收集和食物的做法，因为它是一个领域，生态，仪式和农业这三个看似独立的领域相交。 这个项目有三个部分。 第一部分是在Chavin遗址河对岸的La Banda地区挖掘家庭住户。 拉班达区是查万可进入的第一个同时代的家庭社区。 结合直接绝对测年，将可靠地将这些国内建筑纳入当地年表，并确定该部门与Chavin纪念性部门的关系。 该项目的第二部分是现代农业生态调查，将由其他来源供资。 该项目的第三个组成部分是对Chavin家庭和礼仪区的出土材料进行古民族植物学分析。 古民族植物学研究将包括对来自土壤样本以及选定文物使用表面的大型植物学遗迹、植硅体和淀粉粒的分析。这项研究是特别重要的，因为该网站被假定为通过使用神圣的植物作为仪式感应中心。此外，“Chavin邪教”的传播在围绕这些早期文明的贸易和交换程度的辩论中非常重要，特别是植物在这些交换中的地位。 这些研究目标是特别重要的，在一个网站的性质一直被推断没有实质性的，可测试的data.The智力价值的研究建立在其贡献更广泛的理论讨论的生活内部和外部的早期礼仪中心，特别是对Chavin德Huantar，在前西班牙安第斯山脉的文明发展的中心重要性的网站，以及在古民族植物学方法。该项目的广泛影响体现在美国人和秘鲁人之间的重大文化交流中，为来自几个国家的本科生提供了培训机会。 斯坦福大学和加州大学伯克利分校的本科生和秘鲁学生将在我和项目现场主任约翰·里克博士的监督下协助挖掘拉班达地区的国内建筑。此外，来自加州大学伯克利分校的四名本科研究学徒计划（URAP）学生将参与挖掘后的实验室分析，特别强调拉丁美洲学生。这项研究的结果将在学术和公共场合广泛分发，包括向秘鲁和美国的学校介绍。