RUI: Fragmentation of Terrestrial Salamander Populations by Forest Roads: Ecological and Genetic Effects

RUI：森林道路对陆地蝾螈种群的破碎：生态和遗传效应

• 批准号: 0235695
• 负责人: David Marsh
• 金额: $ 37.48万
• 依托单位: Washington and Lee University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-02-01 至 2006-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0235695&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Fragmentation; Terrestrial; Salamander; Populations

Forest habitats are increasingly fragmented by road building. However, little is known about the effects of roads on animal populations in adjacent forests. Roads may affect populations by contributing to abiotic edge effects, by causing direct mortality, or by reducing rates of dispersal. This study will use two species of terrestrial salamander (Plethodon cinereus and P. glutinosus) to examine how fragmentation by roads can affect animal populations. Investigators will use detailed field surveys, field experiments and genetic analysis to answer the following questions: 1) How do the effects of roads on salamander densities vary among species, among sites, and among years? 2) What mechanisms are responsible for the effects of roads on salamander densities? 3) How do different types of roads affect salamander dispersal ability?, and 4) How do different types of roads affect patterns of gene flow? This project has general implications for the understanding the persistence of animal populations in fragmented habitats and has specific applications to the conservation biology of amphibians. Terrestrial salamanders are an important component of temperate forest ecosystems and have been proposed as useful indicators of forest health. Although terrestrial salamanders do not appear to have declined as severely aquatic-breeding amphibians, habitat fragmentation may threaten their long-term persistence. As an RUI project, this study also provides numerous research training opportunities for undergraduate students in genetics, ecology, and conservation biology. Students will participate in all aspects of the project, from study design to data collection to presentation of results.

道路建设使森林栖息地变得越来越支离破碎。然而，人们对道路对邻近森林中动物种群的影响知之甚少。道路可能通过促进非生物边缘效应、通过导致直接死亡或通过降低扩散速度来影响人口。这项研究将使用两种陆生火蜥蜴(Plethodon cinereus和P.Glinosus)来研究道路的碎片化如何影响动物种群。研究人员将利用详细的实地调查、实地实验和遗传分析来回答以下问题：1)道路对火蜥蜴密度的影响在物种之间、地点之间和年份之间是如何变化的？2)道路对火蜥蜴密度的影响是什么机制？3)不同类型的道路如何影响火蜥蜴的扩散能力？以及4)不同类型的道路如何影响基因流动的模式？该项目对了解零散生境中动物种群的持久性具有普遍意义，并对两栖动物的保护生物学有具体的应用。陆地火蜥蜴是温带森林生态系统的重要组成部分，被认为是森林健康的有用指标。尽管陆栖火蜥蜴似乎并没有像严重水生繁殖的两栖动物那样减少，但栖息地的碎片化可能会威胁到它们的长期生存。作为瑞瑞的一个项目，这项研究还为本科生提供了大量的遗传学、生态学和保护生物学的研究培训机会。学生将参与该项目的所有方面，从研究设计到数据收集再到结果展示。