CAREER: Genomic Analysis for Rates and Patterns of New Gene Originations in Drosophila

职业：果蝇新基因起源率和模式的基因组分析

• 批准号: 0238168
• 负责人: Manyuan Long
• 金额: $ 96.42万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-05-15 至 2008-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0238168&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Genomic; Analysis; Rates; Patterns

In this project, Dr. Long investigates the rates and patterns of new gene origination in the model organism Drosophila (the fruit fly) by using experimental and computational genomic analysis in research and teaching. Previous investigations have revealed a number of young genes with peculiar evolutionary features, which include the rapid emergence of novel expression patterns, accelerated rates of evolution, and an asymmetrical distribution of new gene donor sequences within the Drosophila genome. This project initiates a large-scale effort to explore gene originations via recent (within 10 million years) retroposition events in Drosophila genomes. (1) The investigator will measure the rate of new gene origination via retroposition by undertaking a genomic screen of recently evolved genes in the D. melanogaster subgroup species using an approach integrating genomic analysis and molecular evolution. He will identify recently retroposed genes in the D. melanogaster genome by means of genomic hybridization experiments and computational analysis of D. melanogaster genome sequences. (2) He recently observed in his laboratory the first pattern of new gene origination, asymmetric retroposition. New autosomal genes that retroposed from X-linked parental genes are more common than are new X-linked genes that retroposed from autosomal parental genes. (3) He will investigate divergence in function of new genes by examining their tissue-specific expression patterns using DNA microarrays and other RNA analysis techniques. (4) He will train young researchers at different levels, including undergraduates, graduates, and postdoctoral fellows, to meet the urgent needs in the field. He will enhance the education of undergraduates at selected small midwestern colleges by giving lectures on evolutionary genomics at the colleges and providing summer research projects in his laboratory to two students from these schools each year. These studies will add significantly to the understanding of one of the most basic phenomena of biology: how do new genes and coding portions of genomes evolve? Not only does this work promise to enhance our knowledge base, the large number of new genes identified will also provide a valuable resource for the further study of evolutionary genomics. Furthermore, this project will train young scientists, including undergraduates, in the broad issues of evolutionary genomics

在这个项目中，龙博士通过在研究和教学中使用实验和计算基因组分析来研究模式生物果蝇（果蝇）中新基因起源的速率和模式。先前的研究揭示了许多具有独特进化特征的年轻基因，其中包括新表达模式的快速出现、进化速度的加快以及果蝇基因组内新基因供体序列的不对称分布。 该项目发起了一项大规模的努力，通过果蝇基因组中最近（一千万年内）的逆位事件来探索基因起源。 (1) 研究者将使用基因组分析和分子进化相结合的方法，对黑腹果蝇亚组物种中最近进化的基因进行基因组筛选，通过逆位测量新基因起源的速率。他将通过基因组杂交实验和黑腹果蝇基因组序列的计算分析来识别黑腹果蝇基因组中最近逆转的基因。 (2) 他最近在实验室观察到了新基因起源的第一个模式，即不对称逆向。 从 X 连锁亲本基因逆转的新常染色体基因比从常染色体亲本基因逆转的新 X 连锁基因更常见。 (3) 他将通过使用 DNA 微阵列和其他 RNA 分析技术检查新基因的组织特异性表达模式来研究新基因功能的差异。 （4）培养本科生、研究生、博士后等不同层次的青年研究人员，以满足该领域的迫切需求。他将通过在选定的中西部小型大学举办进化基因组学讲座，并每年在他的实验室为这些学校的两名学生提供暑期研究项目，来加强对本科生的教育。 这些研究将极大地增进对生物学最基本现象之一的理解：新基因和基因组的编码部分如何进化？这项工作不仅有望增强我们的知识库，而且发现的大量新基因也将为进化基因组学的进一步研究提供宝贵的资源。此外，该项目还将培训年轻科学家，包括本科生，了解进化基因组学的广泛问题