The Origin of New Genes

新基因的起源

• 批准号: 9977990
• 负责人: Manyuan Long
• 金额: $ 38.2万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-09-01 至 2002-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9977990&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Origin; New; Genes

The questions to be asked center on the molecular evolutionary mechanisms that create initial gene structures and control subsequent evolution. The objectives of this research are: (1) to understand molecular evolutionary relationships among the new genes in the jgw (jinwei)-ynd(yande) gene system by characterizing their gene structures and flanking sequences in D. teisseiri, D, yakuba, and D melanogaster, using various methods of molecular analysis (2) to determine when the two mosiac genes, ynd and ymp(yellow- emperor) originated,by determining their phylogenetic distribution using molecular phylogenetic techniques (3) to determine the roles of various evolutionary forces governing the early stages of new genes, by analyzing molecular evolution and population genetics of jgw, ynd, and ymp (4) in order to look for the correspondence between the newly evolved function and the fast sequence evolution of jgw as revealed by previous analysis of molecular population genetics, the biochemical functions of the jgw proteins at three stages: the ancestral jgw when first created, the evolved ancestral jgw before speciation, and the modern jgw genes will be investigated. The two ancestral jgw sequences are inferred by evolutionary analysis and they will be made by site-direced mutagenesis. The long-term goal of this research is to elucidate how new genes with novel functions originate, a fundamentally important problem of gene evolution. Studying the origin of a gene in detail requires the discovery of a young gene, since the early evolution of old genes has often been obscured by later evolutionary processes. The recently identified jingwei-yande gene system in Drosophila contains several genes only 2.5 to 30 million years old jingwei (jgw) originated as an Adh retrosequence that recruited several additional exons, while yande (ynd) evolved through exon recombination with yellow-emperor (ymp). Therefore, these young genes, with other related genes in the gene system that evolved recently in gene structure and copy number, provide an excellent opportunity to examine early processes in the origin of new genes.

要问的问题集中在创建初始基因结构并控制后续进化的分子进化机制上。 本研究的目的是：（1）通过表征D. teisseiri、D、yakuba和D melanogaster的基因结构和侧翼序列，了解jgw（jinwei）-ynd（yande）基因系统中新基因之间的分子进化关系，使用各种分子分析方法（2）确定两个嵌合基因ynd和ymp（yellow-）何时 emperor）起源，通过使用分子系统发育技术确定其系统发育分布（3），通过分析jgw、ynd和ymp的分子进化和群体遗传学（4）来确定控制新基因早期阶段的各种进化力量的作用，以寻找新进化的功能与jgw的快速序列进化之间的对应关系（如之前的分析所揭示的） 分子群体遗传学，将研究jgw蛋白在三个阶段的生化功能：最初创建时的祖先jgw、物种形成前进化的祖先jgw以及现代jgw基因。 两个祖先jgw序列是通过进化分析推断出来的，并且它们将通过定点诱变产生。 这项研究的长期目标是阐明具有新功能的新基因是如何起源的，这是基因进化的一个根本性重要问题。 详细研究基因的起源需要发现年轻的基因，因为老基因的早期进化常常被后来的进化过程所掩盖。 最近在果蝇中发现的精卫-炎德基因系统包含几个只有2.5至3000万年历史的基因，精卫（jgw）起源于Adh逆序序列，招募了几个额外的外显子，而炎德（ynd）是通过与黄帝（ymp）外显子重组而进化的。 因此，这些年轻基因，以及基因系统中最近在基因结构和拷贝数方面进化的其他相关基因，为研究新基因起源的早期过程提供了绝佳的机会。

项目成果

Human gene age dating reveals an early and rapid evolutionary construction of the adaptive immune system.

• DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evad081
• 发表时间: 2023-05-12
• 期刊: GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Zhang, Li;Park, Jonathan J.;Dong, Matthew B.;Arsala, Deanna;Xia, Shengqian;Chen, Jianhai;Sosa, Dylan;Atlas, Jared E.;Long, Manyuan;Chen, Sidi
• 通讯作者: Chen, Sidi