Conchopata Archaeological Analyses, 2003

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，2003年由威廉·H. Isbell将完成对1998年至2001年期间在Conchopata挖掘出的人工制品收藏品的实验室研究。 孔乔帕塔是第二大城市在中部高地秘鲁在安第斯城市革命的初始阶段和原始帝国的形成孔乔帕塔已被公认为一个重要的宗教发展的中心，可能促进了帝国主义和城市生活，我们的新发掘表明，该网站包括宫殿，坟墓和寺庙，加上密集的住宅集中在这些重要的建筑物周围。 这个新项目将汇集来自美国、秘鲁、阿根廷和加拿大的考古学家，共同努力，更多地了解安第斯山脉最早的城市之一的早期城市生活，从权力、宗教意识形态和阶级差异到生存和劳动组织。 1998年至2001年间，在Isbell博士的指导下，考古学家挖掘了有史以来最大面积的史前建筑遗迹，用于早期中地平线日期的秘鲁高地城市。 暴露出来的建筑物中有文物，从食物遗骸到埋葬祭品，记录了人们在康乔帕塔远地点的生活方式。 对这些遗迹的细致分析将告诉我们居民如何养活自己，他们从事什么样的行业，他们的宗教仪式，他们的政府制度，权力是如何巩固的，以及象征性沟通和意识形态在秘鲁早期城市革命的深刻变化中的作用。 这些结果对于理解过去和现在的文化变迁、社会差异的产生以及中央集权的政治权威的出现具有广泛的意义。 所有社会在文化复杂性的演变和不同财富和权力的产生方面都遵循类似的道路吗？ 一些学者认为，所有的文化都是沿着沿着类似的路线发展的，而另一些学者则坚持认为，安第斯中部的文明是独特的，因此文化变化的过程是历史的和偶然的。 根据我们对孔乔帕塔出土遗迹的初步研究，这座古城似乎与新大陆和旧大陆的其他早期城市有一些共同的特征，特别是在生存和经济组织方面。 另一方面，孔乔帕塔的核心似乎是由连续居住的小宫殿组成的，这些宫殿是组织意识形态、政治和工艺制造的中心，直到成为殡葬纪念碑。 也许，第一批精英也专门制造像仪式提供陶器，充满了高度象征性的图像。 这可能是安第斯美洲原住民特有的模式。 这些分析将发现更多关于康乔帕塔生活的信息，显示这个早期安第斯城市如何符合或不符合当前普遍文化变化和过程进化的理论。

With National Science Foundation support the Conchopata Archaeological Analysis - 2003, directed by Dr. William H. Isbell, will complete laboratory study of artifact collections excavated at Conchopata between 1998 and 2001. Conchopata was the second largest city in Central Highlands Peru during the initial stages of the Andean urban revolution and formation of pristine empires Conchopata has been recognized as a center of important religious developments that may have promoted imperialism and city life, and our new excavations suggest that the site consisted of palaces, tombs and temples, plus dense concentrations of residences clustered around these important buildings. This new program will bring together archaeologists from the USA, Peru, Argentina and Canada in a coordinated effort to learn more about early urban life in one of the first Andean cities, from power, religious ideology and class difference to subsistence and the organization of labor. Between 1998 and 2001, under Dr. Isbell's direction, archaeologists excavated the largest area of prehistoric architectural remains ever exposed for a highland Peruvian city of early Middle Horizon date. The buildings exposed contained artifacts, ranging from food remains to burial offerings that document the way people lived during Conchopata s apogee. Painstaking analysis of these remains will teach us about how the residents supported themselves, what kind of industries they practiced, their religious rituals, their system of government, how power was consolidated, and the role of symbolic communication and ideology in the profound changes associated with Peru's early urban revolution. These results have broad significance for understanding culture change in the past and present, the production of social difference, and the emergence of centralized political authority. Do all societies follow similar paths in the evolution of cultural complexity and production of differential wealth and power? Some scholars argue that all cultures have developed along similar lines, while others insist that Central Andean civilizations were unique, so processes of culture change are historical and contingent. On the basis of preliminary examinations of our excavated remains from Conchopata it appears that this ancient city shared some features, particularly in the domain of subsistence and economic organization, with other early cities of the New and Old Worlds. On the other hand, it appears that the core of Conchopata consisted of small palaces, occupied serially, that were centers from which ideology, politics and craft manufacturing were organized, until the became mortuary monuments. Perhaps, the first elites also specialized in manufacturing things like ceremonial offering pottery, replete with highly symbolic iconography. This may be a pattern unique to Andean Native America. The analyses will discover much more information about the lives lived at Conchopata, showing how this early Andean city does or does not conform to current theories of universal culture change and processual evolution.