Investigation into the Functioning of Early Cities

对早期城市功能的调查

• 批准号: 1631412
• 负责人: William Isbell
• 金额: $ 22.87万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Binghamton
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-09-01 至 2020-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1631412&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Investigation; into; Functioning; Early; Cities

This project, led by Drs. William Isbell (Binghamton University) and Barbara Wolff (Montgomery College/Binghamton University), will evaluate comparatively based generalizations about the nature of urbanism, archaic and modern, through archaeological investigation of residential life within Huari, the prehistoric urban capital of the arguably earliest Andean Empire. The PIs, along with U.S. and Peruvian colleagues, will excavate vernacular residential remains at Huari where preliminary research suggests an urban pattern that significantly deviates from prevailing models of cities. Traditional models of urban centers, and particularly archaic capital cities, emphasize the presence of large socioeconomically and ethnically diverse populations. Urban diversity is typically understood to include occupational specialization promoting economies of scale, enabled by freeing part of the population from agricultural production, since they are then supported by markets and interregional trade that provide one of the greatest advantages of city living. Contrary to expectations however Huari exhibits no apparent civic center suitable for large public gatherings, no evidence of markets, and negligible evidence for social, economic and ethnic diversity. Questions then arise: Is Huari an anomalous example of urban living? How did residents experience urban life; and how did they manage the seemingly universal demands of living in a populous capital city? Over 3 or 4 centuries of occupation, did Huari move closer to or further from traditional models of urbanism? This project will contribute to understanding variation in urban life while training student archaeologists, involving the descendent community, and contributing to heritage management across a landscape with great potential for sustainable development. This project will excavate residential remains of everyday domestic life. US and Peruvian students will work alongside archaeologists experienced in architectural excavation/analysis, ceramic analysis, lithic analysis, paleoethnobotany, zooarchaeology, residue and trace element analysis, and data base design as they gather diverse lines of information illuminating patterns of social and economic diversity, from dietary preferences to specialized economic activities, to the spatial and social organization of households and neighborhoods. Project data and results will be published online and in print. Huari significantly reshaped the trajectory of Andean imperialism and urban life. This project will supplement comparative data sets describing archaic cities while significantly expanding current knowledge of "the variable" as well as "the universal" in urban life.

该项目由威廉·伊斯贝尔博士（宾厄姆顿大学）和芭芭拉·沃尔夫博士（蒙哥马利学院/宾厄姆顿大学）领导，将通过对Huari（可以说是最早的安第斯帝国的史前城市首都）内的住宅生活进行考古调查，评估有关古代和现代城市化性质的相对基础的概括。 PI与美国和秘鲁的同事沿着，将在华日挖掘当地的住宅遗迹，初步研究表明，那里的城市模式与现行的城市模式有很大的不同。 传统的城市中心模式，特别是古老的首都城市，强调大量社会经济和种族多样化人口的存在。 城市多样性通常被理解为包括促进规模经济的职业专业化，这是通过将部分人口从农业生产中解放出来而实现的，因为他们随后得到市场和区域间贸易的支持，而市场和区域间贸易是城市生活的最大优势之一。 然而，与预期相反的是，华日没有明显的适合大型公共集会的市民中心，没有市场的证据，社会，经济和种族多样性的证据微不足道。 问题随之而来：华日是城市生活的一个反常例子吗？ 居民是如何体验城市生活的？他们又是如何应对人口众多的首都城市中看似普遍的生活需求的？ 经过三、四个世纪的占领，华日是更接近还是更远离传统的城市模式？ 该项目将有助于了解城市生活的变化，同时培训学生考古学家，让后代社区参与，并为具有可持续发展潜力的景观遗产管理做出贡献。 该项目将挖掘日常家庭生活的住宅遗迹。美国和秘鲁的学生将与在建筑挖掘/分析，陶瓷分析，石器分析，古民族植物学，动物考古学，残留物和微量元素分析和数据库设计方面经验丰富的考古学家一起工作，因为他们收集了各种各样的信息，这些信息照亮了社会和经济多样性的模式，从饮食偏好到专门的经济活动，到家庭和社区的空间和社会组织。 项目数据和结果将在网上和印刷品中公布。 Huari显著地重塑了安第斯帝国主义和城市生活的轨迹。 该项目将补充描述古代城市的比较数据集，同时大大扩展目前对城市生活中“变量”和“普遍性”的了解。