权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Plio-Pleistocene volcanism of Lower Bed I, Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania: transportation mechanisms, volcaniclastic sedimentation and ecological significance

坦桑尼亚奥杜瓦伊峡谷下床 I 的上更新世火山活动：输送机制、火山碎屑沉积和生态意义

基本信息

批准号：
161576938
负责人：
Professor Dr. Harald Stollhofen
金额：
--
依托单位：
Department of Anthropology
依托单位国家：
德国
项目类别：
Research Grants
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
德国
起止时间：
2009-12-31 至 2016-12-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/161576938?language=en
关键词：
Plio Pleistocene volcanism Lower Bed

项目摘要

The Plio-Pleistocene Bed I succession at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania is renowned for hominin remains, rich artefacts and fossil assemblages. Tuff beds provide the basis for the stratigraphic framework and for the correlation and dating of archaeological finds. The Tuff IA to Tuff IB interval (c. 1.98-1.84 Ma), choosen for this study, is especially important from a multidisciplinary perspective: (a) It provides the earliest record of Homo habilis in the Gorge, (b) it records the earliest antiquity of Human technology, known as Oldowan culture, (c) it is associated with several important occupation floors , and (d) it includes dated Palaeo-lake Olduvai sequences that have records of orbital forcing across the Plio-Pleistocene boundary. The tuff beds themselves provide important archives of (e) the correlation between the eastern and the yet poorly studied western Olduvai Basin, (f) a change from bimodal basaltic-rhyolitic to trachytic-phonolitic compositons, (g) the occurrence of flow-stripping/decoupling effects when pyroclastic flows crossed synsedimentary active faults, (h) the interaction of volcanic systems with the ecologically attractive eastern lake margin zone, and (i) the relative importance of volcanic effects versus regional climate influences on flora and fauna.A detailed dataset is to be developed using high resolution sedimentological logging, facies, petrographic and geochemical analysis. Lateral correlations and process-oriented facies analyses across palaeo-Lake Olduvai will be the critical aim of this research, allowing a thorough understanding of the complex interactions between the volcanics and the ecology of the lake. The project integrates data on palaeoenvironments, palaeoclimate, synsedimentary tectonism and volcanism with hominin land use models contributed by palaeoanthropologists and archaeologists of the multidisciplinary OLAPP research group. OLAPP trenches excavated over the next few years will provide an exceptional opportunity for combined sedimentological, volcanological and palaeoecological studies at an extremely high resolution (mm to cm scale).

位于坦桑尼亚奥杜威峡谷的上新世-更新世第一层序列以人类遗迹、丰富的人工制品和化石组合而闻名。凝灰岩层为地层框架和考古发现的对比和定年提供了基础。Tuff IA至Tuff IB区间（c. 1.98-1.84 Ma），从多学科的角度来看尤其重要：（a）它提供了峡谷中能人的最早记录，（B）它记录了人类技术的最早古代，称为Oldowan文化，（c）它与几个重要的职业层有关，以及（d）它包括有记录的跨越上新世-更新世边界的轨道强迫的古奥杜威湖层序。凝灰岩层本身提供了重要的档案：（e）奥杜威盆地东部和研究较少的西部之间的相关性，（f）从双峰玄武-流纹岩到粗面岩-响岩组合物的变化，（g）当火山碎屑流穿过同沉积活动断层时发生流动剥离/去耦效应，（h）火山系统与具有生态吸引力的东部湖缘带的相互作用，（i）火山作用与区域气候对植物群和动物群影响的相对重要性。横跨古奥杜威湖的横向相关性和面向过程的相分析将是这项研究的关键目标，从而深入了解火山岩与湖泊生态之间复杂的相互作用。该项目将古环境、古气候、同沉积构造作用和火山活动的数据与多学科OLAPP研究小组的古人类学家和考古学家提供的人类土地利用模型相结合。在今后几年中挖掘出的OLAPP海沟将为以极高的分辨率（毫米至厘米尺度）进行沉积学、火山学和古生态学综合研究提供一个难得的机会。