Influence of explosive vocanism and synsedimentary faulting on Plio-Pleistocene palaeoenvironments - implications for Oldowan hominid land use at Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania

爆炸性火山活动和同沉积断层对上里奥-更新世古环境的影响——对坦桑尼亚奥杜瓦伊峡谷的奥杜瓦原始人土地利用的影响

• 批准号: 5402407
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Harald Stollhofen
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: GeoZentrum Nordbayern
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2002-12-31 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/5402407?language=en
• 关键词: Influence; explosive; vocanism; synsedimentary; faulting

Olduvai Gorge is a valley adjacent to the Eastern Rift Valley in Northern Tanzania that exposes excellently a series of Plio-Pleistocene fluvio-lacustrine and interleaved volcaniclatic beds. The succession is famous for hominid remains, rich artefacts and fossil assemblages. Tuff beds provide the basis for the Oldowan stratigraphic framework and for the correlation and dating of archaeological funds. To understand the successions palaeoenvironmental and ecological record and its implications for hominid land use, a detailed process-oriented volcaniclastic facies analysis is proposed. Effects of differential tectonic subsidence such as fault-related thickness and facies changes as well as widespread incision surfaces, that downcut to varying degrees into underlying strata, complicate previously applied stratigraphic models and will be examined by detailed 3D surveying. Incision surfaces provide the key elements for the proper understanding of Olduvai stratigraphy and most probably also for condentrations of archaeological remains. Allostratigraphy and the principles of Sequence Stratigraphy together with Tephrostratigraphy are applied to develop a much more powerful and widespread chronostratigraphic framework. The project integrates data on palaeoenvironments, synsedimentary tectonism and volcanism with hominid land use models contributed by palaeoanthroplogists of the multidisciplinary OLAPP research group.

奥杜瓦伊峡谷是一个毗邻坦桑尼亚北部东部裂谷的山谷，它露出了一系列上更新世-河流-湖泊和交错的火山岩床。这一演替以原始人遗骸、丰富的文物和化石组合而闻名。凝灰岩层为奥尔多安地层格架以及考古基金的对比和年代测定提供了基础。为了了解这些序列的古环境和生态记录及其对人类土地利用的意义，提出了一种面向过程的详细火山碎屑相分析方法。差异构造沉降的影响，如断层相关的厚度和相变化以及广泛的切削面，不同程度地向下切入下伏地层，使以前应用的地层模型复杂化，并将通过详细的3D测量进行检验。切割面为正确理解奥杜瓦地层学提供了关键要素，很可能也为考古遗迹的保存提供了关键要素。应用异地层学和层序地层学的原理，以及Tephro地层学，建立了一个更强大和更广泛的年代地层学框架。该项目将古环境、同沉积构造和火山作用的数据与多学科OLAPP研究小组的古人类地质学家贡献的古人类土地利用模型结合起来。