Group Proposal: VERtical Transport in the Global Ocean (VERTIGO)

团体提案：全球海洋垂直运输（VERTIGO）

• 批准号: 0301139
• 负责人: Ken Buesseler
• 金额: $ 139.46万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-07-15 至 2006-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0301139&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Group; Proposal; VERtical; Transport; Global

ABSTRACTOCE-0301139 / OCE-0324402 / OCE-0327318 / OCE-0327640In this study, researchers at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Virginia Institute of Marine Science, University of California - Santa Cruz, University of California - Santa Barbara, University of Tasmania, and NIWA-Australia will work collaboratively to answer a difficult question in marine biogeochemistry: What controls the efficiency of particle transport between the surface and deep ocean? More specifically, what is the fate of sinking particles leaving the upper ocean and what factors influence remineralization length scales for different sinking particle classes? Knowing the efficiency of particle transport is important for an accurate assessment of the ocean carbon sink. Globally, the magnitude and efficiency of the biological pump will in part modulate levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.The research team intends to test two basic hypotheses about remineralization control, namely: (1) particle source characteristics are the dominant control on the efficiency of particle transport; and/or that (2) mid-water processing, either by zooplankton or bacteria, controls transport efficiency. To do so, they will conduct process studies at sea focused on particle flux and composition changes in the upper 500-1000m of the ocean. The basic approach is to examine changes in particle composition and flux with depth within a given source region using a combination of approaches, many of which are new to the field. These include neutrally buoyant sediment traps, particle pumps, settling columns and respiration chambers, along with the development of new biological and geochemical tools for an integrated biogeochemical assessment of the biological pump. Two sites will be studied extensively on three-week process study cruises: the Hawaii Ocean Time-series site (HOT) and a new moored time-series site in the subarctic NW Pacific (Japanese site K2; 47oN 160oE). There are strong contrasts between these sites in rates of production, export, particle composition and expected remineralization length scales. Evidence for variability in the flux vs. depth relationship of sinking particles is not in dispute, but the controls on particle transport efficiency through the twilight zone remain poorly understood. A lack of reliable flux and particle characterization data within the twilight zone has hampered our ability to make progress in this area, and no single approach is likely to resolve these issues. The proposed study will apply quantitative modeling to determine the net effects of the individual particle processes on the effective transport of carbon and other elements and to place the shipboard observations in the context of spatial and temporal variations in these processesBesides the obvious contributions to the study of the oceanic and planetary carbon cycles, there are broader outcomes and impacts forthcoming from this project. Graduate and undergraduate students will be included in all aspects of the research, and the involvement of non-US PIs will encourage exchange of students and post-docs between labs in different countries. In addition, the component groups will continue to maintain science web sites designed for both public and scientific exchange where the broader and specific goals and outcomes of this work can be communicated. This project is supported cooperatively by the NSF Chemical Oceanography and Biological Oceanography Programs.

ABSTRACTOCE-0301139 / OCE-0324402 / OCE-0327318 / OCE-0327640在这项研究中，伍兹霍尔海洋研究所、弗吉尼亚海洋科学研究所、加州大学圣克鲁斯分校、加州大学圣巴巴拉分校、塔斯马尼亚大学和澳大利亚 NIWA 的研究人员将合作回答海洋领域的一个难题。 生物地球化学：是什么控制着表面和深海之间粒子传输的效率？更具体地说，离开上层海洋的下沉颗粒的命运是什么？哪些因素影响不同下沉颗粒类别的再矿化长度尺度？ 了解颗粒传输效率对于准确评估海洋碳汇非常重要。 在全球范围内，生物泵的规模和效率将部分调节大气二氧化碳的水平。研究小组打算检验关于再矿化控制的两个基本假设，即：（1）颗粒源特征是对颗粒输送效率的主导控制；和/或 (2) 水中的处理，通过浮游动物或细菌，控制运输效率。 为此，他们将在海上进行过程研究，重点关注海洋上层 500-1000 米的颗粒通量和成分变化。 基本方法是使用多种方法的组合来检查给定源区域内粒子成分和通量随深度的变化，其中许多方法对于该领域来说是新的。 其中包括中性浮力沉积物捕集器、颗粒泵、沉降柱和呼吸室，以及用于对生物泵进行综合生物地球化学评估的新生物和地球化学工具的开发。 将在为期三周的过程研究巡航中对两个地点进行广泛研究：夏威夷海洋时间序列地点（HOT）和亚北极西北太平洋的新停泊时间序列地点（日本地点 K2；北纬 47 度，东经 160 度）。 这些地点之间在生产速率、出口、颗粒组成和预期再矿化长度尺度上存在强烈对比。 下沉粒子的通量与深度关系的变化的证据没有争议，但对通过暮光区的粒子传输效率的控制仍然知之甚少。 暮光区内缺乏可靠的通量和颗粒特征数据阻碍了我们在这一领域取得进展的能力，并且没有任何单一方法可以解决这些问题。 拟议的研究将应用定量模型来确定单个粒子过程对碳和其他元素有效传输的净影响，并将船上观测置于这些过程的空间和时间变化的背景下。除了对海洋和行星碳循环研究的明显贡献外，该项目还将产生更广泛的成果和影响。 研究生和本科生将参与研究的各个方面，非美国 PI 的参与将鼓励不同国家实验室之间的学生和博士后交流。 此外，各组成小组将继续维护专为公共和科学交流而设计的科学网站，在这些网站上可以传达这项工作的更广泛和具体的目标和成果。 该项目得到了 NSF 化学海洋学和生物海洋学计划的合作支持。