Collaborative Research: Carbon Flux Through the Twilight Zone - New Tools to Measure Change

合作研究：穿过暮光区的碳通量——衡量变化的新工具

• 批准号: 0628416
• 负责人: Ken Buesseler
• 金额: $ 163.94万
• 依托单位: Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0628416&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Carbon; Flux; Through

Changes in the distribution of carbon within the ocean are caused by a combination of physicochemical and biological processes. The solubility pump injects carbon into the deep sea through the sinking of cold waters at high latitudes where CO2 solubility is enhanced. The oceanic biological pump is highly dynamic and variable in space and time. This process consists in the production of organic carbon by organisms in the surface ocean and the subsequent sequestration of this material below the winter mixed layer. Significant effort has gone into understanding the controls of the biological pump and while the general function is understood, the details remain elusive. At present, processes in the surface euphotic zone are much better understood than those of the Twilight Zone (i.e. mesopelagic). It is within the poorly understood Twilight Zone that changes in C attenuation on sinking particles and the composition of sinking material occur, with important consequences for the rates of C uptake and exchange at the surface ocean with the atmosphere and for longer term C sequestration in the deep sea.This proposal will develop improved particle flux collectors and use these to answer key science questions associated with C fluxes and exchange via sinking particles at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Currently at BATS, the surface ocean C budgets are unbalanced, and production and community structure fail to predict particle export. At the same time, these questions are being addressed with an imperfect tool, the drifting sediment trap, a device that has not changed significantly since the early 1980's. This program includes the development and engineering of new tools while collecting time-series data. The project builds upon the recently developed neutrally buoyant sediment trap (NBST), which will be modified for continuous flux collection and swimmer free samples to a new design: the Twilight Zone EXplorer (TZEX).In context of the C and Water in the Earth System Program, this proposal advances our understanding of the carbon cycle by combining the following multidisciplinary elements: (1) basic research in ocean biology obtained from ship based observations and remote sensing; (2) geochemistry of particles and waters and how these change with depth and time; (3) modeling of biological processes and particle transport in moving fluids; and (4) the engineering and application of novel observational equipment to capture sinking particles. These unique sediment trap devices will open up a new window to assess the ocean's role as a C sink and how marine export production will change in response to climate change.Broader Impacts: By improving understanding of the carbon cycle in the mesopelagic twilight zone, this project will contribute to society's ability to anticipate the impacts of global climate change as well as to formulate remediation strategies. Educational and public outreach impact include berth space for high school, undergraduate and graduate students, journalists, an undergraduate student fellow and two graduate students. Finally, the significant instrumentation development and application component will likely bear significant fruit for the broader oceanographic community.

海洋内碳分布的变化是由物理化学和生物学过程的结合引起的。溶解度泵通过高纬度的冷水下沉将碳注入深海，在高纬度上，二氧化碳溶解度增强。海洋生物泵在空间和时间上具有高度动态性和变化。这个过程包括通过表面海洋中的生物生产有机碳，以及随后在冬季混合层下方的材料的隔离。理解生物泵的控制方面的巨大努力，尽管了解一般功能，但细节仍然难以捉摸。目前，与暮光区（即中质区域）相比，表面舒适区中的过程要理解得多。 It is within the poorly understood Twilight Zone that changes in C attenuation on sinking particles and the composition of sinking material occur, with important consequences for the rates of C uptake and exchange at the surface ocean with the atmosphere and for longer term C sequestration in the deep sea.This proposal will develop improved particle flux collectors and use these to answer key science questions associated with C fluxes and exchange via sinking particles at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study （蝙蝠）站点。目前，在蝙蝠中，地表海C预算是不平衡的，生产和社区结构无法预测粒子的出口。同时，这些问题是通过不完美的工具，即漂移的沉积物陷阱来解决的，这种设备自1980年代初以来就没有发生很大变化。该程序包括在收集时间序列数据时开发和工程的新工具。 The project builds upon the recently developed neutrally buoyant sediment trap (NBST), which will be modified for continuous flux collection and swimmer free samples to a new design: the Twilight Zone EXplorer (TZEX).In context of the C and Water in the Earth System Program, this proposal advances our understanding of the carbon cycle by combining the following multidisciplinary elements: (1) basic research in ocean biology obtained from ship based observations and remote感应； （2）颗粒和水域的地球化学以及它们如何随深度和时间变化； （3）在运动流体中生物过程和颗粒传输的建模； （4）新型观测设备的工程和应用以捕获下沉的颗粒。这些独特的沉积物陷阱设备将打开一个新窗口，以评估海洋作为C下沉的作用以及海洋出口生产将如何响应气候变化而变化。BRODER的影响：通过提高对中质暮光之城碳循环的理解，该项目将有助于社会预测全球气候变化以及形成重新培训策略的能力。教育和公共宣传的影响包括高中，本科生和研究生，记者，一名本科生和两名研究生的泊位领域。最后，重要的仪器开发和应用组件可能会为更广泛的海洋学社区带来重要的果实。