Numerical Studies of Thunderstorm Electrification, Maxwell Currents, and Lightning

这个项目继续了先前对云的数值模拟的研究，包括电荷、电荷分离和闪电的参数化。它包括对2000年初夏在堪萨斯州进行的STEPS项目（强雷暴电气化和降水研究）期间由T-28飞机收集的云电学和微物理数据的分析。除了电效应之外，现有的云模型还将通过增加更精确的微物理处理，以及对非感应充电机制进行不同参数化的实验来改进。该模式将通过与STEPS和其他野外项目的雷暴观测结果进行比较来验证。一个新的目标是计算麦克斯韦电流矢量，作为模拟的一部分，作为测试雷暴活动与全球电路有关的假设的一种方式。这项工作提供了一个全面和自一致的数值模型，可以模拟不同环境条件下的充电、闪电和降水，从而提高了对雷暴的认识。

This project continues the research initiated earlier on the numerical modeling of clouds including parameterizations for electrical charging, charge separation, and lightning. It includes the analysis of cloud electrical and microphysical data collected by the storm-penetrating T-28 aircraft during the STEPS program (Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study) conducted in Kansas in the early summer of 2000. The existing cloud model will be improved by addition of a more accurate treatment of microphysics, apart from electrical effects, and by experimenting with different parameterizations for the non-inductive charging mechanism. The model will be validated by comparison with observations of thunderstorms from STEPS and other field programs. A new objective is to compute Maxwell current vectors as part of the simulations as a way to test hypotheses that relate thunderstorm activity to the global electrical circuit. The work advances the understanding of thunderstorms by providing a comprehensive and self-consistent numerical model that enables the simulation of charging, lightning, and precipitation under different environmental conditions.