Modeling Study of NOx Production by Lightning and its Transport in a 2D Cloud Model

二维云模型中闪电产生的氮氧化物及其传输的建模研究

• 批准号: 9322588
• 负责人: John Helsdon
• 金额: $ 14.8万
• 依托单位: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-15 至 1998-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9322588&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Modeling; Study; NOx; Production; Lightning

This research project involves a modeling study of NOx production by intracloud lighting and its subsequent variability in time and space using the Storm Electrification Model (SEM) developed at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. The SEM is unique in its features as it pertains to studies of cloud dynamics and microphysics, as well as cloud electrical development, including a parameterization of the production of lightning. The study will include four steps. First, NO will be treated as an inert gas and a vertical profile will be considered. The NO transport within the context of cloud evolution will be evaluated and used later on to sort out lightning enhancement of NO concentration. Second, NO production by lightning will be simulated using ideas of Borucki and Chameides (1984), without any reactive chemistry. Several parameter studies will be performed in order to find answers to questions such as: how lightning-produced NO is transported within the cloud, where the maximum NOx concentration would most probably be located within the cloud, and how lightning location influences the NOx distribution within the cloud. The third step will include chemistry that leads to the production of NO2 following the initial production of NO by lightning. The last step includes reactions of NO with peroxy radicals. This will be the first study that investigates the production by lightning and subsequent distribution of NOx using a sophisticated dynamical electrical model of thunderclouds.

本研究项目涉及的氮氧化物生产的云内照明及其随后的变化，在时间和空间使用风暴电气化模型（SEM）在南达科他州矿业与技术学院开发的建模研究。 扫描电镜的特点是独特的，因为它涉及到云动力学和微观物理学的研究，以及云电的发展，包括闪电生产的参数化。 这项研究将包括四个步骤。 首先，NO将被视为惰性气体，并将考虑垂直剖面。 云演化的背景下的NO传输将进行评估，并在以后用于整理NO浓度的闪电增强。 第二，将使用Borucki和Chameides（1984）的思想模拟闪电产生的NO，而不需要任何反应化学。 将进行几个参数的研究，以找到问题的答案，如：如何闪电产生的NO在云内传输，最大的NOx浓度将最有可能位于云内，以及闪电位置如何影响云内的NOx分布。 第三步将包括在闪电产生NO之后产生NO2的化学反应。 最后一步包括NO与过氧自由基的反应。 这将是第一项研究，调查生产闪电和随后的分布氮氧化物使用一个复杂的动态电气模型的雷暴云。