Modeling Study of NOx Production by Lightning and its Transport in a 2D Cloud Model

该研究项目使用南达科他州矿业与技术学院开发的风暴电气化模型（SEM），对云内照明产生的氮氧化物及其随后在时间和空间上的变化进行建模研究。扫描电镜的独特之处在于它涉及云动力学和微物理学的研究，以及云电的发展，包括闪电产生的参数化。这项研究将包括四个步骤。首先，将NO作为惰性气体处理，并考虑垂直剖面。在云演变的背景下，我们将评估NO的输送，并在以后用来整理闪电对NO浓度的增强。其次，将使用Borucki和Chameides（1984）的思想模拟闪电产生NO，不使用任何反应化学。为了找到以下问题的答案，将进行几个参数研究：闪电产生的NO如何在云中运输，最大氮氧化物浓度最有可能位于云中何处，以及闪电位置如何影响云中的氮氧化物分布。第三步将包括闪电产生一氧化氮之后产生二氧化氮的化学反应。最后一步是NO与过氧自由基的反应。这将是第一个使用雷雨云的复杂动态电模型来研究闪电产生和随后的氮氧化物分布的研究。

This research project involves a modeling study of NOx production by intracloud lighting and its subsequent variability in time and space using the Storm Electrification Model (SEM) developed at South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. The SEM is unique in its features as it pertains to studies of cloud dynamics and microphysics, as well as cloud electrical development, including a parameterization of the production of lightning. The study will include four steps. First, NO will be treated as an inert gas and a vertical profile will be considered. The NO transport within the context of cloud evolution will be evaluated and used later on to sort out lightning enhancement of NO concentration. Second, NO production by lightning will be simulated using ideas of Borucki and Chameides (1984), without any reactive chemistry. Several parameter studies will be performed in order to find answers to questions such as: how lightning-produced NO is transported within the cloud, where the maximum NOx concentration would most probably be located within the cloud, and how lightning location influences the NOx distribution within the cloud. The third step will include chemistry that leads to the production of NO2 following the initial production of NO by lightning. The last step includes reactions of NO with peroxy radicals. This will be the first study that investigates the production by lightning and subsequent distribution of NOx using a sophisticated dynamical electrical model of thunderclouds.