Numerical Modeling Studies of Thunderstorm Charging and Lightning Influence on Storm Electricity in Two and Three Dimensions

这项研究的目的是使用数值云模式研究雷暴的带电物理，包括闪电放电。Riming电荷转移的公式将以最近的实验室结果为指导，这些结果表明了温度和液态水含量的重要性。此外，还将探讨冰裂在产生较低的正电荷中心方面的意义。闪电参数化方案的改进将包括基于在放电尖端附近存在随机自由电子来随机化传播路径、在路径计算中包括尖端电场以及对云对地放电的模拟。这些改进和上述改进将被纳入三维模型中。我们将在我们的分析软件中加入麦克斯韦电流的计算，以测试Krider和Musser(1982)关于感应和非感应过程在驱动麦克斯韦电流中的作用的推断。将使用2D和3D模型对几个新病例进行模拟研究，以检查不同风暴中的带电过程。

The objective of this research is the physics of electrification of thunderstorms, including the lightning discharge, using a numerical cloud model. The formulation of riming charge transfer will be guided by recent laboratory results showing the significance of both temperature and liquid water content. Also, the significance of ice splintering in producing lower positive charge centers will also be investigated. Improvements in the lightning parameterization scheme will include a randomization of the propagation path based on the presence of random free electrons in the vicinity of the discharge tip, the inclusion of the tip electric field in the path calculation, and a simulation of the cloud-to-ground discharge. These improvements and those mentioned above will be incorporated in the three-dimensional model. We will include a calculation of the Maxwell current into our analysis software to test the inference of Krider and Musser (1982) concerning the role of inductive and noninductive processes in driving the Maxwell current. Modeling studies of several new cases will be undertaken with both 2D and 3D models to examine electrification processes in various storms.