3D Cloud-Scale Model and Satellite Study of the Transport and Evolution of Lightning-Produced Nitrogen Oxides

闪电产生的氮氧化物的传输和演化的 3D 云尺度模型和卫星研究

• 批准号: 9803762
• 负责人: John Helsdon
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-10-01 至 2002-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9803762&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: 3D; Cloud; Scale; Model; Satellite

The objective of this project is to increase our understanding of the amounts, vertical distribution, transport, and chemical interactivity of nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced by lightning in the troposphere. The tool to be used in this investigation is the three-dimensional Storm Electrification Model (SEM) that incorporates a lightning parameterization scheme that is based on physical principles and minimizes the use of arbitrary parameters. The key feature of the parameterization is the calculation of the energy dissipation by the lightning flash, which is a primary factor in determination of the amount of NO that a flash produces. The model calculates the amount of NO produced along each simulated lightning channel and then distributes it according to the time-evolving flow field while chemically reacting with the other species included in the simulation. The main objectives of this work are to perform detailed NOx budget studies, to examine the difference between daytime and nighttime NOx chemistry as it may affect global and regional models, to use the energy-based scheme for calculating NOx and to compare the NO produced by cloud-to-ground and intracloud lightning, to examine the time evolution of the altitude distribution of NO produced by lightning to provide more accurate information for global models, to simulate storms from New Mexico (clean boundary layer) and Colorado (dirty boundary layer), where detailed observations have been obtained, to compare model results to the observations.

这个项目的目的是增加我们对对流层中闪电产生的氮氧化物（NOx）的数量、垂直分布、传输和化学相互作用的理解。 在这项调查中使用的工具是三维风暴带电模型（SEM），其中包括一个闪电参数化方案，是基于物理原理，并尽量减少使用任意参数。 参数化的关键特征是计算闪电的能量耗散，这是确定闪电产生的NO量的主要因素。 该模型计算产生的NO的量沿着每个模拟闪电通道，然后根据时间演变的流场分布，同时与其他物种在模拟中的化学反应。这项工作的主要目标是进行详细的氮氧化物预算研究，检查白天和夜间氮氧化物化学之间的差异，因为它可能影响全球和区域模型，使用基于能量的方案计算氮氧化物，并比较云对地和云内闪电产生的NO，研究闪电产生的NO高度分布的时间演变，为全球模式提供更准确的信息，模拟来自新墨西哥州（干净边界层）和科罗拉多（脏边界层）的风暴，在那里获得了详细的观测结果，将模式结果与观测结果进行比较。