Post-Collapse Transformations in Late Prehispanic Nasca

在美国国家科学基金会的支持下，克里斯蒂娜·康利博士将在秘鲁纳斯卡的前西班牙拉蒂萨遗址进行三次实地考古研究。纳斯卡山谷位于安第斯山脉山麓的秘鲁南部沙漠沿海地区。国家崩溃后的这段时期是社会重组和新型社会、政治和经济组织出现的动态时期。尽管在这些时期发生了重要的变革，但缺乏关于社会在一段时间的破坏后如何改革的考古研究。这个项目的重点是测试一个假设，即瓦里帝国的崩溃促进了精英活动的变化，并改变了纳斯卡地区的权力基础和关系。其结果是在随后的中后期（公元1000-1476年）发展了一种全新的社会类型。该模型将通过对拉蒂萨遗址的调查进行测试，拉蒂萨是中期后期纳斯卡最大的定居点，可能是排水系统的政治首都。三个季节的挖掘和分析旨在：1)识别精英与非精英的国内地区；2)调查社会/政治等级的各个层次；3)确定精英与哪些活动有关联并通过哪些活动行使权力。挖掘工作将从四种不同类型的国内建筑中恢复信息，这些建筑已经在现场被识别出来，并从包括墓地、仪式瞭望区和车间在内的专门活动区域中恢复信息。将根据在该地点收集的数据进行各种类型的分析。其中包括对建筑、陶瓷制造和分销（包括化学成分研究）、食物残留物、声望物品和交换模式的分析。该项目团队将包括各种人员，包括秘鲁联合主任，秘鲁考古学家，来自美国和秘鲁的学生，以及来自两国的专家。这个项目将有助于对社会变革和复杂社会发展的一般研究。特别是，它将解决在国家崩溃和地方混乱一段时间后发生的各种变化。用于研究这些转变的方法包括对崩溃、精英代理和权力的考虑，并将以在不同地区和时期进行的其他研究为基础，这些研究已经解决了这些问题。该项目更广泛的影响在于，它强调了秘鲁和美国考古学家和学生之间的合作，并将为两国的专业人员和学生提供重要的培训。该项目的成果将通过西班牙语和英语的演讲和书面文章向学者和公众广泛传播。

With National Science Foundation support Dr. Christina Conlee will conduct three field seasons of archaeological research in Nasca, Peru at the late prehispanic site of La Tiza. The Nasca Valley is located in the southern desert coastal region of Peru at the foothills of the Andes. The period following state collapse is a dynamic time in which societies are restructured and new types of social, political, and economic organization emerge. Despite the important transformations that occur during these periods there is a lack of archaeological study on how societies reform after a time of disruption. This project is focused on testing the hypothesis that the collapse of the Wari empire facilitated changes in elite activities and transformed the foundations and relations of power in the Nasca region. The result was the development of a fundamentally new type of society in the following Late Intermediate Period (AD 1000-1476). This model will be tested through investigations at the site of La Tiza, the largest settlement in Nasca during the Late Intermediate Period and probably the political capital of the drainage. Three seasons of excavations and analyses are designed to: 1) identify elite versus non-elite domestic areas; 2) investigate the various levels of the social/political hierarchy; and 3) establish what activities elites were associated with and wielded power through. Excavations will recover information from four different types of domestic architecture that have been identified at the site and from specialized activity areas that include cemeteries, ritual lookout areas, and workshops. Various types of analyses will be undertaken from the data collected at the site. These include an analysis of architecture, ceramic manufacturing and distribution (including chemical compositional studies), food remains, prestige items, and exchange patterns. The project team will include a variety of personnel including a Peruvian co-director, Peruvian archaeologists, students from the United States and Peru, and specialists from both countries. This project will contribute to general studies of social transformations and the development of complex societies. In particular, it will address the types of changes that take place after a period of state collapse and local disruption. The approach used to study these transformations includes a consideration of collapse, elite agency, and power and will build on other studies conducted in different regions and time periods that have addressed these issues. The broader impacts of this project are that it emphasizes collaboration between Peruvian and American archaeologists and students, and will provide important training for professionals and students from both countries. The results of this project will be disseminated widely to both scholars and the general public through presentations and written articles in both Spanish and English.