RUI: Asymmetric Risks and Rewards: Optimization of Group Positions to Balance Ecological and Physiological Constraints

RUI：不对称风险与回报：优化群体地位以平衡生态和生理约束

• 批准号: 0315474
• 负责人: William Romey
• 金额: $ 18万
• 依托单位: SUNY College at Potsdam
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0315474&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: RUI; Asymmetric; Risks; Rewards; Optimization

Title: RUI: Asymmetric Risks and Rewards: Optimization of Group Positions to Balance Ecological and Physiological Constraints.P.I.: Dr. W.L. Romey, The beauty of a shifting school of fish or flock of birds moving in unison belies the underlying tension within it: differences of opportunities for food, differences of risks of being attacked, and differences in physiology among its members. Fish, birds, and other gregarious species are not as randomly distributed within their groups as previously assumed. Dr. Romey and students will develop and test a general conceptual model to predict where individuals should be in a group based on an individual's physiology and their environment. For example, if there is more food available at the front edge of a group, but also greater risk of predation, then well fed individuals "should" position themselves in the back, weighing the chance of predation higher than food acquisition. A series of laboratory experiments will be carried out in which the following factors will be systematically varied: satiation, chemical defenses, food distribution, predator distribution, and water velocity. They will use whirligig beetles (Dineutes) as a model organism for this type of loosely grouping species (congregation) because they can be easily brought into the laboratory, marked, and group in two-dimensions. Position of marked individuals under these different conditions will be analyzed by computer-video analysis. This study will help to develop a general conceptual model, and eventually a simulation model, which can help to make predictions about group dynamics of swarms, flocks, and schools. Broader implications of the proposed research include understanding: 1) how animals make decisions, 2) optimization theory, 3) game theory and stochastic dynamic modeling, and 4) understanding how individual behaviors lead to emergent group properties and distributions.

标题：RUI：不对称风险和回报：优化群体地位以平衡生态和生理约束。罗米，鱼群或鸟群一致移动的美丽景象掩盖了其内部潜在的紧张关系：食物机会的差异、受到攻击的风险的差异以及成员之间生理的差异。 鱼类、鸟类和其他群居物种并不像之前假设的那样随机分布在它们的群体中。 罗米博士和学生将开发并测试一个通用概念模型，以根据个人的生理机能和环境来预测个人应该在群体中的位置。 例如，如果一个群体的前缘有更多的食物，但被捕食的风险也更大，那么吃得好的个体“应该”将自己定位在后面，权衡被捕食的机会高于获取食物的机会。 将进行一系列实验室实验，其中系统地改变以下因素：饱腹感、化学防御、食物分布、捕食者分布和水流速度。 他们将使用旋转甲虫（Dineutes）作为这种松散分组物种（聚集）的模式生物，因为它们可以很容易地带入实验室，进行标记，并在二维中分组。 将通过计算机视频分析来分析这些不同条件下标记个体的位置。 这项研究将有助于开发一个通用的概念模型，并最终形成一个模拟模型，这有助于对群体、群体和学校的群体动态进行预测。 拟议研究的更广泛含义包括理解：1）动物如何做出决策，2）优化理论，3）博弈论和随机动态建模，4）理解个体行为如何导致新兴的群体属性和分布。