Map-Based Dissection of Sorghum Drought Tolerance Gene Networks

基于图谱的高粱耐旱基因网络剖析

• 批准号: 0321578
• 负责人: Patricia Klein
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Texas A&M Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0321578&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Map; Based; Dissection; Sorghum; Drought

Cereals provide seventy percent of the world's calories and water is the most limiting natural resource for grain production worldwide. Sorghum, a grass with its origin in Africa, is the fifth most important cereal worldwide. Sorghum has evolved characteristics that permit grain production in hot dry environments (i.e., thick leaf wax, deep root system) and that facilitate continued growth when water availability is limited. Sorghum is also similar in gene sequence to other important cereals such as rice, corn, and wheat and has a relatively small genome (only twice the size of rice and 20-fold smaller than wheat). Some sorghum genotypes show distinct drought-tolerance. Of particular interest are plants that continue to grow when experiencing water limitation, thus showing a 'stay-green' phenotype. A genomics approach will allow scientists to understand the network of genes that form the basis to stay green traits. To accomplish this, genomic resources will be further developed in Sorghum. The TAMU-ARS sorghum genetic and physical map, already established, will be further developed and will be aligned to the rice genome sequence. Sorghum chromosomes will be characterized and a virus-induced gene silencing system (VIGS/RNAi) will be established. Breeders are developing the genetic populations that permit precise chromosomal localization of drought tolerance genes, which is essential for candidate gene identification. All these genetic tools will be used to fine map, isolate, and characterize this network of genes that control expression of the sorghum stay-green trait that is central to grain production in water limited environments.Information will be made publicly available through scientific and popular publications, presentations at meetings, and through collaboration with the groups developing Gramene, a national relational database for grasses (http://www.gramene.org) and on a local project web site (http://SorghumGenome.tamu.edu). The complete sequence of several sorghum BACs, BAC sequence and other sequence data will be submitted to GenBank and DNA sequence data will be provided to the curators of Gramene. The information and technology generated will help public and private cereal breeders to improve US crop drought tolerance and productivity and will facilitate the transfer of the 'stay green' trait to other cereal species that lack sorghum's tolerance to drought.

谷物提供了世界上百分之七十的热量，而水是世界范围内谷物生产最有限的自然资源。 高粱，一种起源于非洲的草，是世界上第五大谷物。 高粱已经进化出允许在干热环境中生产谷物的特性（即，厚叶蜡，深根系），并促进持续增长时，水的可用性是有限的。 高粱在基因序列上也与其他重要的谷物如水稻、玉米和小麦相似，并且具有相对较小的基因组（仅为水稻的两倍大小，比小麦小20倍）。 一些高粱基因型表现出明显的耐旱性。 特别令人感兴趣的是当经历水分限制时继续生长的植物，从而显示出“保绿”表型。基因组学方法将使科学家能够了解形成保持绿色性状基础的基因网络。为实现这一目标，将在索马利亚进一步开发基因组资源。 已经建立的TAMU-ARS高粱遗传和物理图谱将得到进一步开发，并将与水稻基因组序列进行比对。将对高粱染色体进行表征，并建立病毒诱导的基因沉默系统（VIGS/RNAi）。 育种者正在开发允许耐旱基因的精确染色体定位的遗传群体，这对于候选基因鉴定是必不可少的。 所有这些遗传学工具将用于精细绘制、分离和描述控制高粱持绿性状表达的基因网络，这是在水有限的环境中谷物生产的核心，信息将通过科学和大众出版物、会议上的介绍以及通过与开发Gramene的小组合作和当地项目网站（http：SorghumGenome.tamu.edu）公布。www.gramene.org 几个高粱BAC的完整序列，BAC序列和其他序列数据将提交给GenBank，DNA序列数据将提供给Gramene的馆长。 所产生的信息和技术将帮助公共和私人谷物育种者提高美国作物的耐旱性和生产力，并将促进“保持绿色”特性转移到其他缺乏高粱耐旱性的谷物物种。