Collaborative Research: History of Cartography in the Twentieth Century

项目摘要SES 0322200，锡拉丘兹大学Mark Monmonier，《二十世纪地图学历史》这项提案请求支持完成《地图学历史》第六卷，这是一本1500页、100万字的学术多层次百科全书，由大约150名研究人员准备了大约900个条目和大约800幅插图。研究的重点是二十世纪测绘科学和技术的历史。制图史项目的使命是双重的：在其技术、文化和社会背景下完成一部关于测绘历史的标准的全球参考书；以及就绘制地图的动机、绘制地图所用的作用者和过程、它们的功能以及它们在形成社会的空间和地点观中的作用发表重要的哲学和方法论声明。在预计的六卷中，两卷已经完成(第二卷以三本书的形式出版)，第三卷(100万字，6,000页手稿)已于2002年底付印。第四卷的提案已于2002年7月提交给国家人文基金会，第五卷的计划也将紧随其后。第六卷的百科全书式的方法将使其能够以有效的方式编写，并将构成真正的国际努力。一部全面、组织有序的百科全书不仅应该促进地图历史的研究，而且应该提高地理学家和科技史学家对地图和地理信息的认识。这本书中的信息将很容易被读者搜索，无论是通过标题还是卷索引，每篇文章结尾的广泛参考书目和进一步研究建议将提供有价值的路标。第六卷的研究将捕捉和巩固二十世纪地图学的关键技术转变。尽管单独来看，这些转变肯定不是地图技术独有的，但很难想象有什么平台比这更能揭示信息科学中的一系列技术革命：信息收集(测量、GPS、航空摄影、遥感)、计算机基础设施和图形设计，以及对地理空间信息的访问(在地图图书馆、地理信息系统信息交换所、数字图书馆以及互联网上)。第六卷将记录制图学在第一手资料仍然可用时所经历的最深刻的革命。它的持久影响将在于我们记录向电子地图的过渡以及社会对数字地图和地理空间数据的反应的准确性。此外，由于二十世纪与科学和工程的联系明显加强，制图技术越来越多地参与公共管理和战争，媒体和公众更广泛地使用地图，对科技史研究的可能影响应该比历史系列的其他卷大得多。

Project AbstractSES 0322200Mark Monmonier, Syracuse University"History of Cartography in the Twentieth Century"This proposal requests support to complete Volume Six of the History of Cartography, a 1,500-page, one million-word scholarly multi-level encyclopedia, with roughly 900 entries prepared by some 150 researchers and approximately 800 illustrations. The research focuses on the history of mapping sciences and technologies in the twentieth century. The mission of the History of Cartography Project is twofold: to complete a standard, worldwide reference work on the history of mapping in its technological, cultural, and social contexts; and to make major philosophical and methodological statements about the motives for making maps, the agents and processes used to make them, their functions, and their role in forming society's views of space and place. Of the six projected volumes, two have been completed (Volume Two was published as three books) and Volume Three (one million words, 6,000 manuscript pages) was submitted to press at the end of 2002. A proposal for Volume Four was submitted to the National Endowment for the Humanities in July 2002, and plans for Volume Five will follow.The encyclopedic approach for Volume Six will allow it to be compiled in an efficient manner and will constitute a truly international effort. A comprehensive, well-organized encyclopedia should not only stimulate research on map history, but increase awareness of maps and geographic information among geographers and historians of science and technology. Information in the book will be easily searchable by the reader, both by headwords and the volume index, and the extensive bibliography and suggestions for further research at the end of each article will provide valuable signposts. The format will also lend itself far more smoothly to electronic publication, a possibility that must be anticipated.The research for Volume Six will capture and consolidate the key technological transitions in cartography during the twentieth century. Although these transitions, taken singly, are certainly not unique to mapping technologies, it is difficult to imagine a more revealing platform on which to illuminate the series of technological revolutions in information science: in information gathering (surveying, GPS, air photography, remote sensing), computer infrastructure and graphic design, and the access to geospatial information (in map libraries, GIS clearinghouses, and digital libraries as well as over the internet). Volume Six will document the most profound revolution that cartography has experienced while firsthand sources are still available. Its lasting impact will lie in the accuracy with which we document the transition to electronic cartography and society's reaction to digital mapping and geospatial data. Furthermore, the likely impact on research in the history of science and technology should be substantially greater than for the other volumes in the History series because of markedly stronger ties in the twentieth century with science and engineering, increased involvement of cartographic technology in public administration and warfare, and the far wider use of maps by the media and the public.