Analysis of Chromosome Cohesion in Arabidopsis

拟南芥染色体凝聚力分析

• 批准号: 0322171
• 负责人: Christopher Makaroff
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Miami University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0322171&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Analysis; Chromosome; Cohesion; Arabidopsis

Chromosome cohesion plays a central role in chromosome segregation during both mitosis and meiosis. The REC8/SCC1-like proteins are integral components of the mitotic and meiotic cohesion complexes and appear to be the regulatory point for the release of cohesion. Studies in a variety of organisms indicate that while sister chromatid cohesion is a highly conserved mechanism, important differences exist in cohesion at the centromeres verses chromosome arms, between mitosis and meiosis and across different species. Earlier studies identified four REC8/SCC1-like proteins in Arabidopsis (SYN1-4). One of these proteins, SYN1 is essential for meiosis while SYN2 and SYN4 may participate in mitosis. The fourth Arabidopsis cohesin protein, SYN3, appears to have a novel role in the plant nucleolus. This project involves a number of studies designed to better understand the Arabidopsis cohesin proteins. (1) Immunolocalization experiments and the analysis of mutant plants will be conducted to determine the function(s) of SYN2, SYN3 and SYN4. In particular the role of SYN3 in the nucleolus will be investigated. (2) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies to examine axial element formation in syn1 plants and immuno-TEM studies to examine the distribution of SYN1 on meiotic chromosomes will be conducted to further investigate the role of SYN1 in homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis . (3) Proteins that interact with SYN1 and/or influence its distribution on chromosomes will be identified through yeast two hybrid screens and mutant analysis and their role in chromosome cohesion investigated. Together these studies will provide insight into the specific roles of the Arabidopsis SCC1/REC8-like cohesin proteins in meiosis and mitosis and help fill a void in our understanding of plant cohesin proteins in general. Finally, they will yield new insights into the process of sister chromatid cohesion, different ways organisms control this important process and potentially new roles for the cohesin proteins.

在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中，染色体凝聚在染色体分离中起着重要作用。REC 8/SCC 1样蛋白是有丝分裂和减数分裂凝聚复合体的组成部分，似乎是释放凝聚力的调节点。对多种生物体的研究表明，虽然姐妹染色单体凝聚是一种高度保守的机制，但在有丝分裂和减数分裂之间以及不同物种之间，着丝粒与染色体臂的凝聚存在重要差异。早期的研究在拟南芥中鉴定了四种REC 8/SCC 1样蛋白（SYN 1 -4）。SYN 1是减数分裂所必需的蛋白质之一，而SYN 2和SYN 4可能参与有丝分裂。第四个拟南芥粘附蛋白，SYN 3，似乎有一个新的作用，在植物核仁。该项目包括一些旨在更好地了解拟南芥粘着蛋白的研究。(1)将进行突变体植物的免疫定位实验和分析以确定SYN 2、SYN 3和SYN 4的功能。特别地，将研究SYN 3在核仁中的作用。(2)透射电子显微镜（TEM）的研究，以检查轴元件的形成在syn 1植物和免疫TEM研究，以检查SYN 1的减数分裂染色体上的分布将进行进一步调查的作用，SYN 1在同源染色体配对和联会减数分裂过程中。(3)与SYN 1相互作用和/或影响其在染色体上分布的蛋白质将通过酵母双杂交筛选和突变体分析来鉴定，并研究它们在染色体凝聚中的作用。总之，这些研究将提供深入了解拟南芥SCC 1/REC 8-like cohesin蛋白在减数分裂和有丝分裂中的特定作用，并帮助填补我们对植物cohesin蛋白的理解的空白。最后，他们将产生新的见解姐妹染色单体凝聚力的过程中，不同的方式生物体控制这一重要的过程和潜在的新作用的凝聚蛋白。