Collaborative Research: Hawaii Ocean Time-series: Biogeochemistry and Ecology Component

自1988年10月以来，在寡营养阶段已经获得了一套全面的环境测量结果。阿罗哈(北纬22‘45，西经158’00‘)位于北太平洋副热带环流。这一时间系列活动--夏威夷海洋时间系列(HOT)--是在为期15年的美国联合全球海洋流量计划(JGOFS)范围内发起的；HOT计划的结果一直是美国JGOFS成就的核心之一。选择岩心热测量数据，以验证现有的碳-氮-磷生物地球化学模型并加以改进。在所研究的各种生态系统过程中，最重要的是：海-气界面的碳通量，初级生产和颗粒输出的速率和控制机制，以及营养(N和P)通量的途径和强度。同样重要的是观察到的微生物生物量和生物多样性随时间的变化，以及这些观察到的生态系统变化与厄尔尼诺、南方涛动(ENSO)和其他大规模海洋-大气相互作用造成的更广泛的热带外气候强迫的关系。来自热核测量计划的紧急数据是独特的和稳健的，并阐明了以前未被记录的现象。正在进行的海洋时间系列计划的科学结果为世界海洋采样不足地区的生物地球化学循环和生态过程提供了前所未有的视角。基于项目相关和独立的辅助调查人员所获得的研究结果，已经出现了大量与热点相关的出版物和报告。该奖项将支持这一海洋时间系列核心测量计划在未来五年内继续重要的继续。2003年8月至2008年7月在此期间，卡尔博士和合作者将把测量项目从主要基于船舶的工作，大约每月一次的观测频率，转变为全面的船舶/系泊/自动车辆/有线天文台/卫星测量项目，涵盖更广泛的时间和空间尺度。除了维护一套核心测量并以及时和可访问的方式向广大科学界分发分析结果外，他们还将继续提供后勤基础设施和共享运输时间，以支持由NSF、ONR、NOAA、DOE和其他机构独立资助的相关研究项目。与过去一样，热门项目调查人员将积极参与从K？12到博士后的所有级别的教育。作为热点项目的一部分进行的研究对海洋学的正式课堂教学和海上培训做出了重大贡献。在HOT的下一阶段，调查人员将启动两项新的教育和外展活动，科学家？教育者协会(SEA)和蓝水海洋实验室(BML)，这两项活动的目标都是夏威夷和太平洋岛屿地区的初中生到高中生，包括几个代表性不足的种族群体。炙手可热的项目基础设施，包括海上和实验室，为科学培训提供了独特的设施。互联网？可访问时间？系列数据库已被证明是全世界学生和教师的宝贵教育工具。这项研究的更广泛的社会效益是增加对地球碳和营养循环的了解，以及更多关于气候和生态系统变异性的知识，包括人类影响。通过维持这些长期的海洋哨兵，我们可以帮助跟踪海洋的健康状况，并帮助发展预测未来海洋生态系统状态所必需的基本科学理解。

Since Oct 1988, a comprehensive suite of environmental measurements have been obtained at the oligotrophic Sta. ALOHA (22'45N, 158'00'W) in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. This time-series activity - Hawai'i Ocean Time-Series (HOT) - was initiated within the 15-year U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Program; the results of the HOT program have been one of the stellar centerpieces of the U.S. JGOFS accomplishments. The core HOT measurements were selected to provide data to validate existing carbon-nitrogen-phosphorus biogeochemical models and, to improve them. Foremost in importance among the various ecosystem processes under investigation are: the flux of carbon at the air?sea interface, the rates and control mechanisms of primary production and particle export, and the pathways and intensities of nutrient (N and P) fluxes. Also important are the observed time?dependent changes in microbial biomass and biodiversity, and the relationships of these observed ecosystem changes to the broader extra-tropical climate forcing from the El Nino?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other large scale ocean?atmosphere interactions. The emergent data from the HOT core measurement program are unique and robust and illuminate previously undocumented phenomena. The scientific results of the ongoing ocean time?series program have provided an unprecedented view of biogeochemical cycles and ecological processes in an under-sampled region of the world ocean. A very large number of HOT?related publications and reports have already appeared based on the research results obtained by program?associated and independent, ancillary investigators.This award will support the important continuation of this ocean time?series core measurement program for an additional five?year period ? August 2003 to July 2008. During this period, Dr. Karl and collaborators will move the measurement program from a primarily ship?based effort with an approximately monthly frequency of observations, to a comprehensive ship / mooring / autonomous vehicle /cabled observatory / satellite based measurement program that covers a broader spectrum of temporal and spatial scales. In addition to maintaining a suite of core measurements and distributing the analytical results to the scientific community at large in a timely and accessible manner, they will also continue providing the logistical infrastructure and the shared shiptime required to support related research programs funded independently by NSF, ONR, NOAA, DOE and other agencies.As in the past, the HOT program investigators will be actively engaged in education at all levels from K?12 through post?doctoral. Research conducted as part of the HOT program has contributed significantly to formal classroom instruction in oceanography as well as at?sea training. In this next phase of HOT, investigators will initiate two new education and outreach activities, Scientist?Educator Associations (SEA) and Bluewater Marine Laboratory (BML), both targeted at middle school to high school students in Hawaii and the Pacific Island region, including several under?represented ethnic groups. The HOT program infrastructure, both at?sea and laboratory components, provides unique facilities for science training. The Internet?accessible time?series data base has already proven to be an invaluable education tool for students and teachers worldwide. The broader societal benefits of the research are an increased understanding of the Earth's carbon and nutrient cycles, and a greater knowledge of climate and ecosystem variability, including anthropogenic impacts. By maintaining these long?term ocean sentinels we can help to track the health of the ocean and help to develop the basic scientific understanding that will be necessary for predicting future ocean ecosystem states.