Collaborative Research: CAMEO 2009 - A novel tool for validating trophic position estimates in ecosystem-based fisheries models

合作研究：CAMEO 2009 - 用于验证基于生态系统的渔业模型中营养位置估计的新工具

• 批准号: 1040664
• 负责人: Michael Landry
• 金额: $ 32.29万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1040664&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CAMEO; 2009; novel

Evidence increasingly demonstrates that selective removal of marine life can induce restructuring of marine food webs. Trophic structure is the central component of mass balance models, widely used tools to evaluate fisheries in an ecosystem context. Food web structure is commonly determined by stomach contents or by bulk tissue stable isotope analyses, both of which are limited in terms of resolution and versatility. The investigators will refine a tool, Amino Acid Compound-Specific Isotopic Analyses (AA-CSIA), which can be broadly applicable for quantifying the time-integrated trophic position (TP) of consumers. Differences in source and trophic nitrogen isotopic composition for specific amino acids will provide an unambiguous and integrated measure of fractional trophic TP across multiple phyla, regardless of an animal's physiological condition or of the biogeochemical cycling at the base of the food web. AA-CSIA will allow testing of the efficacy of trophic position estimates derived from ecosystem-based models and promote the evolution of these models into decision-support tools. This project has three goals: 1. To validate the application of AA-CSIA across multiple marine phyla under differing physiological conditions. 2. To compare the application of AA-CSIA across systems with contrasting biogeochemical cycling regimes. 3. To develop the use of AA-CSIA TP estimates for validating trophic models of exploited ecosystems. The investigators will test and refine the approach using a combination of laboratory feeding experiments and field studies across regions with differing biogeochemical cycling regimes. They will determine the applicability of the AA-CSIA approach in a variety of marine organisms assessed in controlled studies. Subsequently, ecosystem components will be sampled from the eastern tropical Pacific, coastal California and the subtropical Pacific gyre. They will also test the effects of sample preservation on the isotopic composition of individual AA to determine whether the approach can be used on archived samples. This tool will allow testing of the efficacy of ecosystem-based models currently used to gain insight into the ecological effects of fisheries removals and improve the reliability of future models required to manage marine resources. In addition to the goal of developing AA-CSIA for use as a TP indicator, the information obtained through this project will provide important species-specific biological data on the feeding behavior of marine organisms that could have implications for their resilience to anthropogenic pressures and climate change.This project will have direct application to evaluating ecosystem effects of fisheries by providing an unbiased, integrated and independent approach toestimating trophic structure, and a method by which to validate existing ecosystem-based model outputs and predictions. In addition, the project will have outreach benefits through the involvement of graduate and undergraduate students, and exposure of younger students through K-12 programs. This research will contribute to the greater understanding of the biology of locally important fish species as well as globally important shrimp and endangered marine turtles.

越来越多的证据表明，选择性去除海洋生物可以引起海洋食物网的重组。营养结构是质量平衡模型的核心组成部分，是在生态系统环境中评估渔业的广泛使用工具。食物网络结构通常取决于胃含量或大块组织稳定的同位素分析，这两种分析在分辨率和多功能性方面都受到限制。研究人员将完善一种工具，即氨基酸化合物特异性同位素分析（AA-CSIA），该分析可广泛地适用于量化消费者的时间融合营养位置（TP）。特异性氨基酸的源和营养氮同位素组成的差异将在多个门上提供明确且整合的分数营养TP，无论动物的生理状况如何或食物网基底部的生物地球化学循环。 AA-CSIA将允许测试从基于生态系统的模型中得出的营养位置估计的功效，并将这些模型的演变促进到决策支持工具中。该项目有三个目标：1。在不同的生理条件下验证AA-CSIA在多个海洋门中的应用。 2。要比较AA-CSIA在系统中的应用与对比对比的生物地球化学循环方案。 3。开发使用AA-CSIA TP估计来验证被剥削生态系统的营养模型。 研究人员将使用具有不同生物地球化学循环方案的地区的实验室进食实验和现场研究的结合来测试和完善该方法。他们将确定AA-CSIA方法在对照研究中评估的各种海洋生物中的适用性。随后，将从东部热带太平洋，加利福尼亚沿海和亚热带太平洋回旋中取样生态系统组件。他们还将测试样品保存对单个AA同位素组成的影响，以确定该方法是否可以用于存档样品。该工具将允许测试基于生态系统的模型的功效，目前用于洞悉渔业去除的生态影响并提高管理海洋资源所需的未来模型的可靠性。除了将AA-CSIA用作TP指标的目标外，通过该项目获得的信息还将提供有关物种特定物种的生物学数据，这些数据可能具有海洋生物的喂养行为，这些数据可能对它们的抗病性产生影响，以使其对人类的应变和气候变化的抗原能力，这将通过对无效的方法进行构建，并将其置于无数范围的范围内。这是为了验证现有的基于生态系统的模型输出和预测。此外，该项目将通过研究生和本科生的参与以及通过K-12计划接触年轻学生，从而获得外展益处。这项研究将有助于对局部重要的鱼类以及全球重要的虾和濒危海龟的生物学有助于更多地理解。