Collaborative Research: CAMEO 2009 - A novel tool for validating trophic position estimates in ecosystem-based fisheries models

合作研究：CAMEO 2009 - 用于验证基于生态系统的渔业模型中营养位置估计的新工具

• 批准号: 1040664
• 负责人: Michael Landry
• 金额: $ 32.29万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2014-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1040664&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CAMEO; 2009; novel

Evidence increasingly demonstrates that selective removal of marine life can induce restructuring of marine food webs. Trophic structure is the central component of mass balance models, widely used tools to evaluate fisheries in an ecosystem context. Food web structure is commonly determined by stomach contents or by bulk tissue stable isotope analyses, both of which are limited in terms of resolution and versatility. The investigators will refine a tool, Amino Acid Compound-Specific Isotopic Analyses (AA-CSIA), which can be broadly applicable for quantifying the time-integrated trophic position (TP) of consumers. Differences in source and trophic nitrogen isotopic composition for specific amino acids will provide an unambiguous and integrated measure of fractional trophic TP across multiple phyla, regardless of an animal's physiological condition or of the biogeochemical cycling at the base of the food web. AA-CSIA will allow testing of the efficacy of trophic position estimates derived from ecosystem-based models and promote the evolution of these models into decision-support tools. This project has three goals: 1. To validate the application of AA-CSIA across multiple marine phyla under differing physiological conditions. 2. To compare the application of AA-CSIA across systems with contrasting biogeochemical cycling regimes. 3. To develop the use of AA-CSIA TP estimates for validating trophic models of exploited ecosystems. The investigators will test and refine the approach using a combination of laboratory feeding experiments and field studies across regions with differing biogeochemical cycling regimes. They will determine the applicability of the AA-CSIA approach in a variety of marine organisms assessed in controlled studies. Subsequently, ecosystem components will be sampled from the eastern tropical Pacific, coastal California and the subtropical Pacific gyre. They will also test the effects of sample preservation on the isotopic composition of individual AA to determine whether the approach can be used on archived samples. This tool will allow testing of the efficacy of ecosystem-based models currently used to gain insight into the ecological effects of fisheries removals and improve the reliability of future models required to manage marine resources. In addition to the goal of developing AA-CSIA for use as a TP indicator, the information obtained through this project will provide important species-specific biological data on the feeding behavior of marine organisms that could have implications for their resilience to anthropogenic pressures and climate change.This project will have direct application to evaluating ecosystem effects of fisheries by providing an unbiased, integrated and independent approach toestimating trophic structure, and a method by which to validate existing ecosystem-based model outputs and predictions. In addition, the project will have outreach benefits through the involvement of graduate and undergraduate students, and exposure of younger students through K-12 programs. This research will contribute to the greater understanding of the biology of locally important fish species as well as globally important shrimp and endangered marine turtles.

越来越多的证据表明，选择性地清除海洋生物可以引起海洋食物网的重组。营养结构是质量平衡模型的核心组成部分，广泛用于评估生态系统背景下的渔业。食物网结构通常由胃内容物或组织稳定同位素分析确定，两者在分辨率和通用性方面都是有限的。研究人员将改进一种工具，氨基酸化合物特异性同位素分析（AA-CSIA），该工具可以广泛应用于量化消费者的时间积分营养位置（TP）。特定氨基酸的来源和营养氮同位素组成的差异将提供跨多个门的分数营养性总磷的明确和综合测量，而不考虑动物的生理状况或食物网基础的生物地球化学循环。AA-CSIA将允许测试基于生态系统模型的营养位置估计的有效性，并促进这些模型向决策支持工具的发展。这个项目有三个目标：1。验证AA-CSIA在不同生理条件下跨多个海洋门的应用。2. 比较AA-CSIA在不同生物地球化学循环体系中的应用。3. 开发利用AA-CSIA总磷估算来验证被开发生态系统的营养模型。研究人员将使用实验室喂养实验和跨不同生物地球化学循环制度地区的实地研究相结合的方法来测试和改进这种方法。他们将确定AA-CSIA方法在对照研究中评估的各种海洋生物中的适用性。随后，将从热带太平洋东部、加利福尼亚沿海和亚热带太平洋环流取样生态系统成分。他们还将测试样品保存对单个AA同位素组成的影响，以确定该方法是否可用于存档样品。该工具将允许测试基于生态系统的模型的有效性，这些模型目前用于深入了解渔业清除的生态影响，并提高管理海洋资源所需的未来模型的可靠性。除了开发AA-CSIA作为TP指标的目标外，通过该项目获得的信息将为海洋生物的摄食行为提供重要的物种特异性生物学数据，这些数据可能对海洋生物对人为压力和气候变化的适应能力产生影响。该项目将直接应用于渔业生态系统效应的评估，提供一种公正、综合和独立的方法来估计营养结构，并提供一种方法来验证现有的基于生态系统的模型输出和预测。此外，该项目还将通过研究生和本科生的参与，以及通过K-12课程接触更年轻的学生，从而带来外延效益。这项研究将有助于加深对本地重要鱼类物种以及全球重要虾类和濒危海龟的生物学认识。