Dynamics Of Mediated Electrochemical Synthesis In Microemulsions

微乳液介导电化学合成动力学

• 批准号: 0335345
• 负责人: James Rusling
• 金额: $ 39万
• 依托单位: University of Connecticut
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-02-01 至 2008-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0335345&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamics; Mediated; Electrochemical; Synthesis; Microemulsions

Microemulsions are clear, stable, non-toxic fluids made from oil, water and detergent. Prior research has shown how microemulsions can enhance rates and control pathways of electrolytic chemical formation. The long-term scientific goal is to develop a fundamental understanding of how dynamic processes at interfaces in microemulsions can be used to control reactivity and reaction pathways. From a practical point of view, this project seeks to uncover methodology to make chiral chemicals stereoselectively in microemulsions using films of inexpensive proteins and other chiral catalysts. Chirality, the property of a molecule being non-superimposable on its mirror image, is a key to drug activity. One chiral form of a drug often possesses all the desired activity. The drug industry is currently leading a large effort toward production of chiral drugs, with a future market predicted at over $15 billion. If developed properly, catalytic synthesis in microemulsions may be an important contributor to future toolboxes of clean chiral synthetic methods. The technological impact of stable, efficient catalytic electrodes and surfaces designed for stereoselective chemical production in microemulsions could be very large. They would enable reusable catalysts to make fine chemicals, such as drugs, employing only electricity and consumable feed reactants. Problems with side products, catalyst recovery, or solvent toxicity would be minimized. Specific aims in this project period involve understanding how dynamic interactions between microemulsions, catalytic films, and reactants control reaction rates, pathways and stereochemistry. Representative reactions that are catalyzed by stable films of polymer and protein catalysts will be examined. A number of modern spectroscopic, microscopic and physical methods will be used to characterize reactant-film interactions with a view to optimizing the reaction systems. The broader impact of the work includes fundamental guidance to develop future electrochemical syntheses in relatively inexpensive, low toxicity, water-based fluids. This project will build a basis for future cost-effective, environmentally benign processes to make high value chemicals such as drugs. The project includes a broad-based education component, and will involve high school, college undergraduate, and graduate students, including underrepresented groups and women, in the research. Senior graduate students will be involved in training students at the beginning levels. Mentoring activities will be used at all levels. Students will take advanced courses preparing them for research on the project and will present their research findings at national conferences and workshops. Overall, the project provides a rich training ground in modern cross-disciplinary research and education for participants at several levels of expertise.---------------------------------------------------------------- . Rouhi, A. M. "Chiral Roundup" Chem. & Eng. News, June 10, 2002, pp. 43-57.

微乳液是由油、水和洗涤剂制成的澄清、稳定、无毒的流体。 先前的研究已经表明微乳液如何提高电解化学形成的速率和控制途径。长期的科学目标是发展一个基本的理解，如何在界面的动态过程中微乳液可以用来控制反应性和反应途径。从实用的角度来看，该项目旨在揭示使用廉价蛋白质和其他手性催化剂的膜在微乳液中立体选择性地制备手性化学品的方法。手性是分子在其镜像上不可重叠的性质，是药物活性的关键。药物的一种手性形式通常具有所有所需的活性。制药行业目前正在大力生产手性药物，预计未来市场价值超过150亿美元。 如果发展得当，微乳液中的催化合成可能是未来清洁手性合成方法的重要贡献者。为微乳液中立体选择性化学生产而设计的稳定、高效的催化电极和表面的技术影响可能非常大。它们将使可重复使用的催化剂能够制造精细化学品，如药物，仅使用电力和消耗性原料反应物。副产物、催化剂回收或溶剂毒性的问题将最小化。 在这个项目期间的具体目标包括了解微乳液，催化膜和反应物之间的动态相互作用如何控制反应速率，途径和立体化学。将检查由聚合物和蛋白质催化剂的稳定膜催化的代表性反应。 一些现代的光谱，显微镜和物理方法将被用来表征反应物膜的相互作用，以优化反应系统。 这项工作的更广泛影响包括在相对便宜，低毒性，水基流体中开发未来电化学合成的基本指导。该项目将为未来成本效益高、环境友好的生产高价值化学品（如药物）的工艺奠定基础。该项目包括一个基础广泛的教育组成部分，并将涉及高中，大学本科生和研究生，包括代表性不足的群体和妇女，在研究中。高年级的研究生将参与培训初级学生。将在各级开展辅导活动。学生将学习高级课程，为项目研究做准备，并将在国家会议和讲习班上介绍他们的研究成果。总体而言，该项目为不同专业水平的参与者提供了现代跨学科研究和教育的丰富培训基地。. Rouhi，A. M.“Chiral Roundup”Chem. Eng. News，June 10，2002，pp. 43-57.