Study of Monsoon Processes Using Sounding Data from North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME)

北美季风实验(NAME)是一项多方面的研究工作，致力于提高北美暖季降水的可预报性。作为名称的一部分，这项研究旨在更好地理解北美季风系统中的关键过程。诊断性研究将侧重于部署四个国家大气研究中心(NCAR)综合探测系统(ISSS)所获得的信息。ISSS将于2004年7月和8月在加利福尼亚州海湾两侧部署，为期六周，并将构成以墨西哥湾入海口为中心的探空网的主要组成部分。其他探测地点包括墨西哥的业务探测网络，该网络升级为每天两次探测；然而，在中央探测六边形中，每天将有四次探测，在密集观测期间增加到每天六至八次。探测数据将被用来解决三个主要的科学目标：加利福尼亚州海湾南风涌动的结构、演变和启动机制；西南地区降水的水汽来源；以及复杂沿海环境中的对流日循环。探测数据和分析也将成为检验和验证季风多尺度数值模拟研究的基础。在实验的野外阶段之后，将使用线积分和多二次插值法来分析探空数据，以满足科学目标。原始探空数据和网格分析都将在科罗拉多州立大学的网站上公布。关于这项研究的更广泛影响，它将解决与北美季风系统有关的关键问题，并最终旨在改进对北美降水的预测。目前的模型不能很好地处理湿度激增或降水的日循环。事实上，降水的日周期问题本质上是全球性的，因此，从名称上更好地理解日周期将具有深远的影响。国际空间站的部署将包括科罗拉多州立大学的研究生以及来自墨西哥的研究生参与发射雷达探测仪。这项活动将促进他们对季风系统基本要素的了解，并增加他们进行季风系统相关研究的机会。

The North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) is a multi faceted research effort that strives to improve predictability of warm season precipitation over North America. As part of NAME, this research is directed toward an improved understanding of key processes in the North American Monsoon System. Diagnostic studies will focus on information derived from the deployment of four National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Integrated Sounding Systems (ISSs). The ISSs will be deployed for a six-week period in July and August 2004 along both sides of the Gulf of California and will constitute a major portion of a sounding network centered around the mouth of the Gulf. Other sounding sites include the operational sounding network of Mexico, upgraded to two soundings per day; however, in a central sounding hexagon, there will be four sounding per day, increasing to six-to-eight per day during Intensive Observing Periods (IOPs). The sounding data will be used to address three primary scientific objectives of NAME: the structure, evolution, and initiation mechanisms for Gulf of California southerly wind surges; the sources of moisture for precipitation in the Southwest; and the diurnal cycle of convection in complex, coastal environments. Sounding data and analyses also will form a basis for testing and validating multiscale numerical modeling studies of the monsoon. Following the field phase of the experiment, the sounding data will be analyzed using line-integral and multi quadric interpolation procedures to address the scientific objectives. Both raw sounding data and gridded analyses will be made publicly available at the Colorado State University NAME Website.With regard to the broader impacts of the research, it will address key issues pertaining to the North American Monsoon System, and is ultimately directed at improving the prediction of precipitation over North America. Current models do not handle moisture surges or the diurnal cycle of precipitation well. In fact, the problem of the diurnal cycle of precipitation is global in nature, so improved understanding of the diurnal cycle from NAME will have far-reaching implications. The ISS deployment will involve participation of graduate students from Colorado State University, as well as graduate students from Mexico, in the launching of rawinsondes. This activity will promote their understanding of the basic elements of the monsoon system and enhance their opportunities for conducting relevant research on the monsoon system.