Collaborative-RUI: CO2-Induced Changes in Heat-Shock Proteins and Photosynthetic Tolerance to Acute Heat Stress

项目布局摘要- 人类活动正在增加大气中的二氧化碳（CO2）水平。 CO2浓度升高会降低植物叶片中矿物质营养素和蛋白质的浓度，并增加叶片温度。 此外，二氧化碳的增加可能是最近全球气温上升的部分原因，预计全球气温在本世纪将进一步上升。 因此，在未来，植物，特别是叶子，将经历更高的温度。 不幸的是，主要发生在叶片中的光合作用是对热胁迫最敏感的植物过程之一，因此热胁迫的增加会降低植物的生长和存活。 然而，高CO2对光合作用对热胁迫的耐受性的影响尚不清楚。 此外，高CO2对热休克蛋白（HSP）产生的影响尚未研究，但HSP是几乎所有生物对热胁迫的主要细胞适应，热休克蛋白在热胁迫期间保护光合作用中起着重要作用。与大多数蛋白质一样，植物中HSP的产生受到矿物质营养素和总蛋白质的细胞浓度的限制，并且HSP含量的任何降低都会降低HSP在热胁迫期间对光合作用的保护。 因此，我们推测，HSP的生产将减少在高CO2，这将产生负面影响植物和光合耐受热胁迫。 我们进一步假设，高CO2减少热休克蛋白将在不同类别的植物和不同的营养和生长温度条件下，可预测的变化。 我们将在本研究项目中测试这些特定的假设。这项研究解决了目前对科学和社会都很重要的问题。 该项目将增加对CO2如何影响植物对热胁迫的耐受性的理解，这在未来将变得更加普遍（例如，人类活动导致的CO2增加将如何影响作物和原生植被的耐热性？ 不同种类的植物会受到相同程度的影响吗？ 对耐热性的不同影响是否会导致物种生存的变化，从而导致生物多样性的变化？ 该研究也将有助于通过生物技术或育种提高作物耐热性。这个项目是一个博士研究人员之间的合作，授予和本科院校。 两位主要研究人员都有很好的记录，涉及本科生，妇女和少数民族在他们的研究计划，并在整合NSF资助的研究到他们的教学，这将继续与拟议的项目。 因此，该项目将在促进教学和培训的同时推进发现，并将增加代表性不足群体的参与。

PROJECT LAY SUMMARY- Human activities are increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels. Elevated CO2 decreases the concentration of mineral nutrients and protein in plant leaves, and it increases leaf temperatures. Also, increases in CO2 may be partly responsible for recent increases in global temperatures, which are predicted to increase further in this century. Thus, in the future, plants, and particularly leaves, will experience higher temperatures. Unfortunately, photosynthesis, which occurs mostly in leaves, is among the most sensitive of plant processes to heat stress, so increases in heat stress will decrease plant growth and survival. However, the effects of high CO2 on the tolerance of photosynthesis to heat stress are not understood. Further, effects of high CO2 on production of heat-shock proteins (HSPs) have not been examined, yet HSPs are principle cellular adaptations to heat stress in nearly all organisms, and HSPs play prominent roles in protection of photosynthesis during heat stress. As with most proteins, HSP production in plants is limited by the cellular concentration of mineral nutrients and total protein, and any decreases in HSP content will decrease the protection of photosynthesis during heat stress by HSPs. Thus, we hypothesize that HSP production will decrease at high CO2, and this will negatively affect plant and photosynthetic tolerance to heat stress. We further hypothesize that high-CO2 decreases in HSPs will vary predictably among different categories of plants and under different nutrient and growth-temperature conditions. We will test these specific hypotheses in this research project. This research addresses problems that are currently important to both science and society. The project will increase the understanding of how CO2 affects plant tolerance to heat stress, which will become more common in the future (e.g., How will human-driven increases in CO2 affect the heat tolerance of crops and native vegetation? Will different types of plants be affected to the same extent? Will differential effects on thermotolerance contribute to changes in the survival of species, and hence biodiversity?). This research will also be useful in improving crop heat tolerance via biotechnology or breeding. This project is a collaboration between investigators at a Ph.D.-granting and an undergraduate institution. Both principal investigators have strong records of involving undergraduate students, women, and minorities in their research programs, and in integrating NSF-funded research into their teaching, and this will continue with the proposed project. Thus, this project will advance discovery while promoting teaching and training, and will increase participation of under-represented groups.