Testing the Aerobic Capacity Model for the Evolution of Endothermy with Correlational Artificial Selection

用相关人工选择测试吸热进化的有氧能力模型

• 批准号: 0344994
• 负责人: Jack Hayes
• 金额: $ 84.34万
• 依托单位: Board of Regents, NSHE, obo University of Nevada, Reno
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-05-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0344994&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Testing; Aerobic; Capacity; Model; Evolution

Testing the Aerobic Capacity Model for the Evolution of Endothermy with Correlational Artificial SelectionJack P. HayesUniversity of Nevada RenoOne of the most important events in vertebrate evolution was the evolution of endothermy (i.e., the physiological ability of animals to raise their body temperature above the ambient environmental temperature). The aerobic capacity model attempts to explain the evolution of endothermy by hypothesizing that endothermy evolved as a correlated response to natural selection on aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen consumption during exercise). A key assumption of the model is that resting metabolism and aerobic capacity are positively correlated because they are inescapably, mechanistically linked. To date no study has falsified this assumption, so the model stands as a viable explanation for the evolution of endothermy. The proposed studies will use artificial selection (breeding experiments) to test the key assumption of the aerobic capacity model. Two types of artificial selection will be used. The first will be artificial selection on aerobic capacity. This selection will produce lines of mice with low aerobic capacity and lines of mice with high aerobic capacity. If selection for increased aerobic capacity produces no response or a decrease in resting metabolism, the aerobic capacity model will be falsified. The second type of artificial selection is designed to directly and experimentally test the model's key assumption (i.e., that a positive correlation between resting metabolism and aerobic metabolism is a fundamental design constraint that characterizes the physiology of terrestrial vertebrates). Artificial selection will be used in an attempt to generate lines of mice for which there is a negative correlation between resting metabolism and aerobic capacity. If a negative correlation can be produced, then the aerobic capacity model will be falsified. The biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology of all the selected lines of mice will be studied to help elucidate the mechanistic basis for aerobic capacity. These studies should be of interest to ecological and evolutionary physiologists, exercise physiologists, and evolutionary biologists. Broader impacts of the studies will be three-fold. First, the experiments will develop genetic resources (lines of mice) that can be used as models for studying the genetic and mechanistic bases of aerobic capacity. Second, diverse training will be provided to one or more postdoctoral researchers, graduate students, and undergraduates. Third, building on an existing program that the PI helped develop, the PI will attempt to recruit local high school science teachers and students to participate in the research and to pursue related studies.

用相关人工选择测试吸热进化的有氧能力模型杰克·P·海耶斯内华达大学里诺分校脊椎动物进化中最重要的事件之一是吸热的进化（即动物将体温提高到环境温度以上的生理能力）。 有氧能力模型试图通过假设吸热的进化是对有氧能力（运动期间的最大耗氧量）自然选择的相关反应来解释吸热的演变。该模型的一个关键假设是静息代谢和有氧能力呈正相关，因为它们不可避免地存在机械联系。迄今为止，还没有研究证明这一假设是错误的，因此该模型可以作为吸热进化的可行解释。 拟议的研究将使用人工选择（育种实验）来测试有氧能力模型的关键假设。 将使用两种类型的人工选择。 第一个是有氧能力的人工选择。 这种选择将产生低有氧能力的小鼠品系和高有氧能力的小鼠品系。 如果增加有氧能力的选择没有产生反应或静息代谢降低，则有氧能力模型将被伪造。 第二种类型的人工选择旨在直接通过实验测试模型的关键假设（即静息代谢和有氧代谢之间的正相关性是表征陆地脊椎动物生理学的基本设计约束）。 将使用人工选择来尝试产生静息代谢与有氧能力之间存在负相关的小鼠品系。 如果可以产生负相关，那么有氧能力模型就会被证伪。 将研究所有选定品系小鼠的生物化学、解剖学和生理学，以帮助阐明有氧能力的机制基础。 这些研究应该引起生态和进化生理学家、运动生理学家和进化生物学家的兴趣。 这些研究的更广泛影响将是三重的。 首先，实验将开发可用作研究有氧能力的遗传和机制基础的模型的遗传资源（小鼠品系）。其次，为一名或多名博士后、研究生和本科生提供多样化的培训。 第三，在项目负责人帮助开发的现有项目的基础上，项目负责人将尝试招募当地高中科学教师和学生参与研究并进行相关研究。