ACT/SGER: "ON-THE-FLY" Materials Modification During Laser Direct-Write Deposition of Micro Power Sources

这个名为“ON-THE-FLY”的项目在微功率源激光直写沉积过程中对材料进行了修改，解决了微功率源材料快速加工和优化的创新方法。在国家安全应用中存在对小型化电源的公认需求，以便为无法由市售电池或燃料电池供电的低可观察性和小型自主设备提供集成能源。然而，目前可用于生产这种小型电源的技术需要二次处理，例如高温或高压，这可能对许多微型设备中使用的敏感材料有害。在这个项目中，激光与微电池材料相互作用，当它飞向衬底，从而改变其性质，减少二次加工的需要。研究材料的基本响应是为了理解和控制结构和电化学性能。这项研究不仅增强了对激光与材料相互作用的基本认识，而且可能会彻底改变小型电化学器件的激光加工。在化学、物理、工程和材料科学方面具有不同兴趣和背景的学生都将参与并通过这种真正跨学科的基于激光的技术接受教育。获得的结果将被传播，为各种学科的研究人员提供重要的新机会和微设备开发技术。微电源材料加工和优化的创新方法对于远程气象传感、可植入微设备或生物分析微设备等应用的设备制造具有很高的兴趣。激光直接写入方法正在被开发，并用于在环境条件下在各种衬底上沉积微电池和微超级电容器材料的图案。为了在沉积过程中对材料进行“动态”修饰，研究和开发了入射激光和二次激光辐照的影响。例如，在这个项目中，含水氧化钌油墨将在不同的入射激光能量和持续时间以及二次激光照射下进行转移。通过对沉积膜的结构和电化学表征，探讨了激光与多相材料运动液滴相互作用的基本问题。通过消除预处理和后处理的需要，基板保持在环境温度下，从而能够使用新型低温基板，如柔性塑料或生物平台用于设备开发。OTF处理有可能快速制造出独特的结构和化学原型，从而改变微功率和微传感器的发展领域。本研究的跨学科性质涉及化学、物理、工程和材料科学，并教育具有不同兴趣和背景的学生使用这种基于激光的新技术。获得的结果将被传播，为各种学科的研究人员提供重要的新机会和微设备开发技术。该项目由多学科活动办公室和材料研究司、数学和物理科学理事会联合支持。

This project entitled "ON-THE-FLY" MATERIALS MODIFICATION DURING LASER DIRECT-WRITE DEPOSITION OF MICROPOWER SOURCES addresses innovative approachs to the rapid processing and optimization of materials for micropower sources. A recognized need for miniaturized power sources exists in national security applications to provide integrated energy for low observable and small autonomous devices that cannot be powered by commercially available batteries or fuel cells. However, the techniques currently available to produce such small power sources require secondary processing such as high temperatures or pressures that can be detrimental to the sensitive materials used in many microdevices. In this project, a laser interacts with the microbattery material as it flies toward the substrate thus modifying its properties and reducing the need for secondary processing. The fundamental material response is studied in order to understand and control the structural and electrochemical properties. This study not only enhances the basic understanding of laser-material interactions, but also may revolutionize the use of laser processing for small electrochemical devices. Students with diverse interests and backgrounds in chemistry, physics, engineering and materials science will all be involved and educated through this truly interdisciplinary laser-based technique. The results obtained will be disseminated to provide researchers in a variety of disciplines with important new opportunities and techniques for microdevice development.%%%Innovative approaches to the processing and optimization of materials for micropower sources is of high interest for device fabrication for applications such as remote weather sensing, implantable microdevices, or bio-analytical microdevices. Laser direct-write methods are being developed and used to deposit patterns of microbattery and micro-ultracapacitor materials on various substrates under ambient conditions. The influence of the incident laser as well as secondary laser irradiation is studied and exploited in order to modify the material "on the fly" (OTF) during deposition. For example, in this project, hydrous ruthenium oxide ink will be transferred with varying incident laser energy and duration as well as secondary laser irradiation. The fundamental issues of laser interactions with the moving droplets of multiphase material are probed through structural and electrochemical characterization on the deposited films. By removing the need for pre- and post- processing, the substrates remain at ambient temperatures thereby enabling the use of novel low-temperature substrates such as flexible plastics or biological platforms for device development. OTF processing has the potential to rapidly prototype unique structures and chemistries that can transform the field of micropower and micro-sensor development. The interdisciplinary nature of this study involves chemistry, physics, engineering, and materials science and educates students with diverse interests and backgrounds in this new laser-based technique. The results obtained will be disseminated to provide researchers in a variety of disciplines with important new opportunities and techniques for microdevice development. This project is supported jointly by the Office of Multidisciplinary Activities and the Division of Materials Research, Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences.