CAREER: The Role of Turbulence Structure in Broadcast Spawning: Exploring Physical-Biological Relationships Through an Integrated Research and Education Program

职业：湍流结构在广播生成中的作用：通过综合研究和教育计划探索物理-生物关系

• 批准号: 0348855
• 负责人: John Crimaldi
• 金额: $ 67.55万
• 依托单位: University of Colorado at Boulder
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0348855&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Role; Turbulence; Structure; Broadcast

Crimaldi - 0348855: CAREER: The role of turbulence structure in broadcast spawning: Exploring physical-biological relationships through an integrated research and education program.This CAREER program is a combined educational and research project that is anchored by the PIs training in fluid mechanics, but whose application extends into interdisciplinary studies of benthic ecology. Both the educational and research aspects of the project are based on a foundation of three unifying objectives: (1) the study of physical-biological interactions, (2) the development of an integrated teaching and research laboratory, and (3) the use of visual laboratory techniques to promote learning and knowledge. The objective is to investigate how turbulence impacts the success of an external fertilization strategy commonly used by benthic invertebrates, while simultaneously promoting an approach to teaching fluid mechanics that emphasizes physical-biological relationships and makes use of visual-based research techniques as learning tools. Many benthic invertebrates reproduce by separately extruding gametes into the flow. For fertilization to take place, individual gametes must subsequently come into contact. The local fertilization rate depends on the product of co-occurring gamete concentrations. Conventional thought has been that, since turbulence rapidly dilutes the concentrations, it might ultimately hinder fertilization. The central hypothesis in the proposed research is that turbulent stirring promotes local coalescence of gametes at intermediate timescales, thus enhancing fertilization rates. Several recent studies support this idea, but the problem has not been investigated from a process-level approach. To test the hypothesis, laboratory and numerical investigations will be performed. The laboratory experiments will utilize a state-of-the-art, dual-color laser-induced fluorescence technique to measure the instantaneous coalescence of gamete surrogates within a turbulent boundary layer in a flume. The numerical simulations will employ a particle-tracking algorithm to track several hundred thousand gametes through a pseudo-turbulent field. The two approaches are complimentary: the laboratory experiments use real turbulence, but the numerical simulations enable studies of the relative importance of various physical and biological processes not easily simulated in the flume experiments. The research plan is in the context of a broader educational plan; the plans share concepts, infrastructure, and techniques. Extensive curriculum development will be performed, including the creation of three courses that constitute a new area of study in Environmental Fluid Mechanics, with an emphasis on dispersion processes in natural systems and physical-biological interactions. The curriculum development will be enhanced by dedicated teaching facilities in the proposed laboratory. A teaching flume that parallels the research facility will be incorporated as a central feature of undergraduate and graduate fluid mechanics courses. Finally, the laser-induced fluorescence flow visualization techniques that are used quantitatively in the research project will be adapted for both qualitative and quantitative use in the educational component. The visual techniques provide extraordinary insight into both basic fluid motion as well as the complex turbulent fluid processes that produce dispersion of contaminants (e.g. gametes, nutrients, toxins). The technique will be incorporated as an interactive feature on the teaching flume. The technique will also be used to produce studio-quality digital movies of fluid mechanics phenomena for inclusion in a NSF-sponsored Multi-Media Fluid Mechanics CD-ROM series (intended for undergraduate education), and the on-line TeachEngineering Digital Library (intended for K-12 education). The foregoing activities will advance knowledge and understanding of fluid mechanics both within the field, and at interdisciplinary levels. Within fluid mechanics, the processes that govern stirring and mixing of multiple scalars are still poorly understood. The research will investigate stirring processes that are common to all turbulent flows. An understanding of the mixing and transport of contaminants is becoming a priority in a world that, increasingly, sees dispersive chemicals used as weapons. This program will have broad impacts through synergistic blending of sophisticated research techniques as effective visual learning tools, and a supportive combination of research and teaching facilities in an enhanced laboratory. The educational CD-ROM series and on-line Digital Library are both slated for national dissemination. [edited 20 Jan 04, J. Pawlik]

CRIMALDI-0348855：职业：湍流结构在广播产生中的作用：通过综合研究和教育计划探索物理-生物关系。这个职业计划是一个教育和研究相结合的项目，以流体力学的PI培训为基础，但其应用扩展到海底生态学的跨学科研究。该项目的教育和研究方面都建立在三个统一目标的基础上：(1)研究物理-生物相互作用，(2)发展综合教学和研究实验室，以及(3)使用视觉实验室技术促进学习和知识。其目的是研究湍流如何影响海底无脊椎动物常用的体外受精策略的成功，同时促进一种强调物理-生物关系并利用基于视觉的研究技术作为学习工具的流体力学教学方法。许多底栖无脊椎动物通过将配子分别挤压到水流中进行繁殖。为了进行受精，个体配子必须随后接触。局部受精率取决于共生配子浓度的乘积。传统观点认为，由于湍流会迅速稀释浓度，最终可能会阻碍受精。这项研究的中心假设是，湍流搅动在中间时间促进配子的局部合并，从而提高受精率。最近的几项研究支持这一想法，但还没有从流程级别的方法来研究这个问题。为了验证这一假设，将进行实验室和数值研究。实验室实验将利用最先进的双色激光诱导荧光技术来测量水槽中湍流边界层内配子替代品的瞬时聚合。数值模拟将使用粒子跟踪算法来跟踪通过伪湍流场的数十万配子。这两种方法是互补的：实验室实验使用真实的湍流，但数值模拟可以研究在水槽实验中不易模拟的各种物理和生物过程的相对重要性。研究计划是在更广泛的教育计划的背景下进行的；这些计划共享概念、基础设施和技术。将进行广泛的课程开发，包括创建三门课程，这三门课程构成了环境流体力学的新研究领域，重点是自然系统中的分散过程和物理-生物相互作用。拟议实验室内的专用教学设施将加强课程开发。与研究设施平行的教学水槽将被纳入本科生和研究生流体力学课程的核心特征。最后，在研究项目中定量使用的激光诱导荧光流动可视化技术将在教育部分同时用于定性和定量使用。视觉技术提供了对基本流体运动以及产生污染物(例如配子、营养物质、毒素)扩散的复杂湍流流体过程的非凡洞察力。这项技术将被纳入教学水槽的互动功能。这项技术还将被用于制作工作室级的流体力学现象的数字电影，供NSF赞助的多媒体流体力学CD-ROM系列(用于本科教育)和在线教师工程数字图书馆(用于K-12教育)包含在内。上述活动将在该领域和跨学科水平上增进对流体力学的知识和理解。在流体力学中，控制多标量搅拌和混合的过程仍然知之甚少。这项研究将研究所有湍流普遍存在的搅拌过程。在一个越来越多地将分散化学品用作武器的世界里，了解污染物的混合和运输正成为一个优先事项。这一计划将产生广泛的影响，通过将复杂的研究技术作为有效的可视化学习工具进行协同融合，以及在增强的实验室中支持研究和教学设施的组合。教育光盘系列和在线数字图书馆都计划在全国范围内传播。[2004年1月20日J.Pawlik编辑]