Collaborative Research: Consequences of Parks for Land Use, Livelihood Diversification, and Biodiversity in East Africa

合作研究：东非公园对土地利用、生计多样化和生物多样性的影响

• 批准号: 0349825
• 负责人: Paul Leslie
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-01 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0349825&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Consequences; Parks; Land

Protected parks remain the main mode of purposeful biodiversity conservation in most of the world. Surrounding these parks particularly in developing countries, are landscapes that usually still contain considerable biodiversity but also have rapidly growing human populations. These are areas of dynamic change in demography, land use, and land cover, and they are characterized by biological and socio-political risks not usually found elsewhere. This collaborative research project will examine the interactions among land use, land cover, peoples' livelihoods, and biodiversity in landscapes surrounding national parks in Tanzania and Uganda. While these landscapes remain important habitats for biodiversity, they are also zones of dynamic demographic and land use change, often with considerable agricultural expansion and intensification. Little scientific research has explored the spatial and temporal interactions among land use, livelihood change, and biodiversity in these landscapes. Two complementary research questions are the focus of the project: (1) How does the presence of a park affect agricultural land use and other livelihood strategies surrounding the park? (2) How do the extent, character and intensity of agriculture affect biodiversity outside the park, measured by the distribution of key indicator plant and animal taxa? Two overarching propositions relate to these: (a) the presence of a park will stimulate processes that lead to islandization of the park; and (b) the relationship between biodiversity and agriculture in the landscape surrounding a park is neither dichotomous nor linear, but will be positive under certain land use conditions and negative under others. The exploration and verification of these models would have important scientific and policy implications. This is a comparative study at two contrasting sites -- one in western Uganda and one in northern Tanzania. It is interdisciplinary, utilizing social and biodiversity surveys, ethnographic tools, and analysis of satellite imagery. The intellectual merit of this project lies in an enhanced understanding of population-environment relations and land-use and land-cover change as these are influenced by proximity to protected areas, relationships about which little is known but which are increasingly important. These issues crosscut concerns in geography, anthropology, ecology, and conservation biology.

保护区仍然是世界大部分地区有目的的生物多样性保护的主要模式。 这些公园周围的景观，特别是在发展中国家，通常仍然含有相当多的生物多样性，但人口也迅速增长。 这些是人口、土地利用和土地覆盖发生动态变化的领域，其特点是生物和社会政治风险，这些风险在其他地方通常不存在。该合作研究项目将研究坦桑尼亚和乌干达国家公园周围景观的土地利用、土地覆盖、人民生计和生物多样性之间的相互作用。 虽然这些景观仍然是生物多样性的重要栖息地，但它们也是人口和土地利用动态变化的区域，通常伴随着相当大的农业扩张和集约化。 很少有科学研究探索这些景观中土地利用、生计变化和生物多样性之间的空间和时间相互作用。 该项目的重点是两个互补的研究问题：（1）公园的存在如何影响农业用地的利用和公园周围的其他生计策略？ (2) 通过关键指标动植物类群的分布来衡量，农业的范围、特征和强度如何影响公园外的生物多样性？ 与此相关的两个总体命题是： (a) 公园的存在将刺激导致公园岛屿化的进程； (b) 公园周围景观中的生物多样性与农业之间的关系既不是二分的也不是线性的，而是在某些土地利用条件下呈正相关，而在其他条件下呈负相关。 这些模型的探索和验证将具有重要的科学和政策意义。这是在两个截然不同的地点进行的比较研究——一个位于乌干达西部，一个位于坦桑尼亚北部。 它是跨学科的，利用社会和生物多样性调查、人种学工具以及卫星图像分析。 该项目的智力价值在于加深了对人口与环境关系以及土地利用和土地覆盖变化的理解，因为这些变化受到与保护区距离的影响，人们对这些关系知之甚少，但日益重要。 这些问题交叉地理学、人类学、生态学和保护生物学领域的关注点。