Collaborative Research: EarthScope-Acquisition, Construction, Facility Management, Operations and Maintenance/Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO)

Simpson/0323309（常量）、0323310（管理）、0323311（O&M）Prescott/0323700（常量）、0323704（O&M）Zoback/0323938（常量）摘要EarthScope 是一项针对新观测设施的科学基础设施计划，将解决有关地球演化演化的基本问题。大陆以及导致地震和火山爆发的过程。构成 EarthScope 设施的综合观测系统包括： USArray，通过地震和大地电磁系统绘制地球内部的 3D 地图；板块边界观测站，通过大地测量系统监测地球表面的扭曲情况；以及圣安地列斯深度断层观测站 (SAFOD)，它定义了深度活动板块边界断层的条件和物理性质。 这些系统利用传感器技术和通信的最新发展，为地球科学家提供来自各种地球物理传感器的天气和高分辨率数据。 EarthScope 设施的所有数据都将实时公开，以最大限度地提高科学界的参与度，并为学生和公众提供持续的教育服务。 EarthScope 的智力价值源自技术机遇和科学发现的巧合。 EarthScope 设施的设计和实施是根据学术研究界广泛部门的意见而制定的。通过一系列研讨会和工作组，研究界与联邦和州合作伙伴一起，定义了他们在探索塑造大陆结构和影响大陆变形的基本过程中采取下一步行动所需的工具。 EarthScope 的更广泛影响将通过灾害评估和资源管理中的应用以及与 EarthScope 教育和推广计划的直接联系来实现。 虽然 EarthScope 是一个国家计划，但它将通过与全国数百所大学、学校和组织的互动，在地方层面安装和运营。 EarthScope 将作为传达科学理解以及也许同样重要的科学方法本质的工具。 随着 EarthScope 天文台在美国各地安装，学生和公众将了解科学问题以及他们所在地区在了解北美大陆方面所发挥的作用。 提高对自然环境的了解是改善土地利用、无害环境的发展和抵御自然灾害的第一步。 EarthScope 运作所需的广泛参与将为代表性不足的群体（尤其是农村地区）提供直接参与国家实验的明确途径。 EarthScope 数据的教育门户将使资源不足的学校能够平等地获得最先进的科学和科学基础设施。 EarthScope 将为学生和公众提供急需的机会，在学年的时间范围内实时观察地质过程并测量地质变形。 EarthScope 将为公众提供实际例子，说明科学如何在收集新数据、观察新理论制定和测试时取得进步。

Simpson/0323309 (const.), 0323310 (mgmt.), 0323311 (O&M)Prescott/0323700 (const.), 0323704 (O&M)Zoback/0323938 (const.)ABSTRACTEarthScope is a scientific infrastructure initiative for new observational facilities that will address fundamental questions about the evolution of continents and the processes responsible for earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The integrated observing systems that will comprise the EarthScope facility include: USArray that maps in 3-D the earth's interior by means of seismic and magnetotelluric systems; Plate Boundary Observatory that monitors the distortion of the earth's surface by means of geodetic systems; and the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD) that defines the conditions and physics of an active plate boundary fault at depth. These systems capitalize on recent developments in sensor technology and communications to provide Earth scientists with synoptic and high-resolution data derived from a variety of geophysical sensors. All data from the EarthScope facility will be openly available in real-time to maximize participation from the scientific community and to provide on-going educational outreach to students and the public. The intellectual merit of EarthScope is derived from the coincidence of technological opportunity and scientific discovery. The design and implementation of the EarthScope facility has been shaped with input from a broad sector of the academic research community. Through a series of workshops and working groups, the research community, along with federal and state partners, has defined the tools they require to take the next steps in exploration of the fundamental processes that shape the structure and influence the deformation of continents. The broader impacts of EarthScope will be achieved through applications in hazard assessment and resource management and through direct linkages with the EarthScope education and outreach program. While EarthScope is a national program, it will be installed and operated at a local level through interactions with literally hundreds of universities, schools and organizations across the nation. EarthScope will serve as a tool for communicating both scientific understanding, and perhaps as importantly, the nature of the scientific method. As EarthScope observatories are installed across the US, students and the public will be introduced to scientific questions and the role that their region plays in understanding the North American continent. Improved understanding of the natural environment is the first step towards improved land use, environmentally-sound development, and resiliency to natural hazards. The broad participation that is necessary for EarthScope to operate will provide clear pathways for underrepresented groups, especially in rural areas, to participate directly in a national experiment. Educational portals for EarthScope data will allow under-resourced schools to have equal access to state-of-the-art science and scientific infrastructure. EarthScope will provide a much-needed opportunity for students and the public to observe geological processes in real-time and to measure geological deformation within the time frame of an academic school year. EarthScope will provide the public with practical examples of how science advances as they see new data being collected and watch new theories being formulated and tested.