Collaborative Research on the Affective Bases of Social Order

社会秩序情感基础的合作研究

• 批准号: 0350221
• 负责人: Edward Lawler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-01 至 2006-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0350221&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Affective; Bases; Social

This laboratory experiment project examines situations in which three or more individuals interact and exchange in pairs in order to determine when their social interactions give rise to stability and social order in the group. The project builds on an affect theory of social exchange that asserts that if social interaction produces positive emotions and feelings and individuals perceive these as emanating from their group affiliation, then a stable order develops based on these emotions. Two aspects of social structure are investigated: (i) the basic form of social exchange (contingencies between exchange behaviors), and (ii) different connections or contingencies among pairs of individuals (i.e., dyads). The intellectual merits of this research are (1) the comprehensive contrast of forms of exchange, and forms of connection among pairs of individuals, that have not been studied in a comparative way; (2) increased understanding of how emotions mediate the effect of social structure in producing micro social order; (3) knowledge of which forms of exchange or type of relational connection promote social order, and (4) the first test of a new affect theory of social exchange which has broad implications. In the experiments, three subjects will have the opportunity to exchange valued items with each other. The first experiment examines the impact of four basic forms of exchange identified by social exchange theorists: negotiated, reciprocal, productive, and generalized. The second experiment examines the three forms of connection between the people in exchanges when: (i) each must exchange with both of the others (inclusive), (ii) each can exchange with either or both of the others (null), and (iii) each can exchange only with one of the others (exclusive). The broader impacts of the project include the production and dissemination of standardized protocols and software for comprehensively comparing all four distinct forms of exchange, the enhancement of the PIs' teaching about how groups develop and come to function effectively (e.g., cohesion, teamwork, commitment, conflict management), and the training of undergraduate and graduate researchers.

这个实验室实验项目考察了三个或更多个人成对互动和交流的情况，以确定他们的社会互动何时能带来群体中的稳定和社会秩序。该项目建立在社会交换的情感理论基础上，该理论认为，如果社会互动产生积极的情绪和感觉，并且个人认为这些情绪和感觉源于他们的群体关系，那么基于这些情绪就会形成稳定的秩序。社会结构的两个方面被考察：(I)社会交换的基本形式(交换行为之间的偶然性)，和(Ii)个体对之间的不同联系或偶然性(即二元组)。这项研究的学术价值是：(1)对尚未被比较研究的交换形式和个体之间的联系形式进行了全面的对比；(2)增加了对情感如何调节社会结构在产生微观社会秩序中的作用的理解；(3)了解了哪些交换形式或关系联系类型促进了社会秩序；(4)首次检验了具有广泛意义的新的社会交换情感理论。在实验中，三名受试者将有机会相互交换有价值的物品。第一个实验考察了社会交换理论家确定的四种基本交换形式的影响：协商交换、互惠交换、生产性交换和泛化交换。第二个实验考察了交流中人与人之间的三种联系形式：(I)每个人都必须与其他人中的两个人交换(包括)，(Ii)每个人都可以与其他人中的一个或两个人交换(空)，以及(Iii)每个人只能与其他人中的一个人交换(排他)。该项目的更广泛影响包括制作和传播用于全面比较所有四种不同交流形式的标准化协议和软件，加强关于群体如何发展和有效运作(例如，凝聚力、团队合作、承诺、冲突管理)的私营部门主管的教学，以及培训本科生和研究生研究人员。