Collaborative Research on the Emergence of Social Order in Task Groups

这个项目调查了为什么即使存在合作的条件，比如共同的兴趣和共同的身份，团队成员之间也可能不会发生合作。研究人员认为，人们与群体之间的情感联系是至关重要的，这些情感联系源于共同解决任务，给人们一种共同的责任感。他们假设，在一个合作的群体环境中，拥有共同利益和共同身份的人只有在参与共同的任务时才会发展出情感的群体联系，从而赋予他们共同的责任感。当这种情况发生时，人们更愿意为集体利益而行动。该假设在两个实验室实验中得到验证，这两个实验将围绕任务的互动（低或高联合度）与(a)共同兴趣（实验1）或(b)共同身份（实验2）结合起来。在这项实验中，四人一组的参与者分别参与了个人和集体的任务，这些任务涉及众所周知的生存场景，比如“在月球上迷路”，参与者需要对几个项目对他们生存的重要性进行排序。更广泛的影响：该项目解决了一个重要而普遍的问题，即如何创造和维持社会秩序（合作、协作等）。鉴于全球化和相关的经济和政治变化，这个问题在当代世界具有新的相关性。人们在更远的距离上与更多的人互动，所有这些都使群体关系作为协作和合作的来源变得更加重要。本研究开发了一种产生和维持这种关系的方法，从而促进个人为群体或集体利益做出牺牲。它对如何跨越或弥合社会分歧以创造新的群体关系具有广泛的含义。

SES- 0956796Shane R. ThyeUniversity of South CarolinaSES-0957982Edward J. LawlerCornell UniversityThis project investigates why collaboration may not occur among group members even when the conditions for collaboration are present such as common interests and shared identities. The investigators contend that affective ties of people to the group are critical, and these develop from jointly solving tasks that give people a sense of shared responsibility. They hypothesize that in a cooperative group setting, people with common interests and common identities develop affective group ties only if they are involved in joint tasks that give them a sense of shared responsibility. When this occurs, people are more willing to act in the collective interests. The hypothesis is tested in two lab experiments that combine interactions around a task (low or high in jointness) with (a) common interests (experiment 1) or (b) common identities (experiment 2). In the experiment, groups of four people engage in individual and joint tasks that involve well-known survival scenarios, such as "lost on the moon," where participants rank the importance of several items to their survival. BROADER IMPACTS: The project addresses an important and pervasive problem, that is, how to create and sustain social order (cooperation, collaboration, etc.). The issue takes on new relevance in the contemporary world given globalization and associated economic and political changes. People interact with more people at greater distance, all of which make group ties even more important as a source of collaboration and cooperation. This research develops a way to produce and sustain such ties and, thereby, promote individual sacrifices for the group or collective benefit. It has broad implications for how social divides can be crossed or bridged to create new group affiliations.