Gender Differences in Employment Outcomes for Academics in Science and Social Science

摘要提案编号： 0353703机构：堪萨斯大学NSF语言：经济SPI： Ginther，Donna KTITLE：科学和社会科学领域学者就业结果的性别差异几项研究发现，妇女在科学领域的代表性不足，收入较低，而且比男子更不可能获得终身职位。 然而，这些研究并没有解释是什么因素导致了观察到的性别差异。本研究将使用1973 - 2001年博士学位获得者调查（SDR）的数据，调查科学、社会科学和工程学学者在工资、晋升和自然减员方面的性别差异的经济解释。本研究有4个具体目标：1）将SDR数据与出版物数据相匹配; 2）检查生产率对结果的影响; 3）记录科学和社会科学中的性别差异; 4）使用经济理论探索观察到的性别差异的原因。将SDR数据与出版物数据相匹配有几个优点：它是美国博士学位的全国代表性样本; S.它跟踪个人的长期情况，包含有关人口特征、教育背景、雇主特征、学术级别、主要工作活动、政府支持、生产力、工资和晋升的详细信息。这项研究将有助于文献进行单独的分析，在生活，物理，社会科学和工程领域的就业结果的性别差异的经济解释。它将探讨自20世纪90年代中期以来，科学领域的性别工资差距是否已经收敛;社会科学领域性别晋升差距的因素;以及女性离开科学管道的时间和原因。本研究将对偏好和生产率的差异等性别差距的原因、包括“双胞胎”和博士生过剩在内的市场力量、歧视等进行分析。以学术界的劳动力市场为中心，研究者可以比一般人群更容易地对生产率差异或市场力量等性别工资差距的经济原因进行评估。第二，这扩大了对性别差异的分析，以包括其他就业结果，如职业晋升和自然减员，这反过来可能解释性别工资差异的很大一部分。学术机构和国家科学基金会可以利用这项研究的结果来解决物理和社会科学中代表性不足的群体所面临的障碍。

ABSTRACTPROPOSAL NO: 0353703INSTITUTION: University of KansasNSF PROGRAM: ECONOMICSPI: Ginther, Donna KTITLE: Gender Differences in Employment Outcomes for Academics in Science and Social ScienceSeveral studies find that women are underrepresented in the sciences, earn less, and are less likely to be tenured than men. The studies, however, do not explain what factors contribute to the observed gender differences. This research will investigate the economic explanations for gender differences in salary, promotion, and attrition for academics in science, social science, and engineering using data from the 1973 -2001 waves of the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR). This study has 4 specific goals: 1) matching the SDR data with publication data; 2), examine the effect of productivity on outcomes; 3), document the facts concerning gender differences in science and social science; and 4), use economic theory to explore the causes of the observed gender differences. Matching the SDR data with publication data has several advantages: it is a nationally representative sample of doctorates in the U. S. that follows individuals over time and contains detailed information on demographic characteristics, educational background, employer characteristics, academic rank, primary work activity, government support, productivity, salary, and promotion. This research will contribute to the literature by performing separate analyses in the fields of life, physical, and social science and engineering of the economic explanations for gender differences in employment outcomes. It will explore whether the gender salary gap in science has converged since the mid-1990s; factors accounting for the gender promotion gap in the social sciences; and the timing and reasons for women leaving the scientific pipeline. It will examine explanations of the gender gap such as differences in preferences and productivity, market forces including monopsony and the excess supply of doctoral scientists, and discrimination.Focusing on academic labor markets allows researchers to evaluate economic explanations of the gender wage gap such as productivity differences or market forces more easily than in the general population. Second, this expands the analysis of gender differences to include additional employment outcomes such as promotion and attrition from careers that may, in turn, explain a substantial portion of the gender wage differential. Academic institutions and National Science Foundation can use the results of this research to address barriers faced by underrepresented groups in physical and social sciences.