Cross-national Differences in Self-Employment Participation and Earnings

该项目审查了以自营职业衡量的男女创业方面的跨国差异。该项目调查了妇女自营职业更频繁和更有利可图的情况，并就促进妇女创业的工作与家庭协调政策提供了见解。过去的研究表明，美国女性的自主创业在很大程度上取决于她们的家庭责任。这项研究旨在了解全民公共资助的儿童保育政策或全民产假政策是否有助于缩小创业和薪酬方面的性别差距。 了解如何工作家庭的支持可能会鼓励女性自营职业的具体形式提供了一个潜在的变革性的理解，就如何促进妇女的entrepreneurs.This研究采取了一种创新的方法来了解如何工作家庭的协调政策塑造妇女的创业精神在不同的福利国家的情况。该项目使用来自15个西方化国家的数据，研究妇女自营职业和工作-家庭政策在跨国间的差异。利用这些地区的社会政策数据、文化指标和纵向面板数据，本项目部署了事件历史分析、固定效应回归和多层次建模，以估计与自营职业、劳动力参与和收入相关的单个因素的控制政策效应。该研究的更广泛影响与了解在美国鼓励创业的方式有关，该项目扩大了对导致妇女从事自营职业的个人和国家层面因素的科学理解。该项目对提高美国的经济竞争力有直接的应用。自雇是美国创造新就业机会的驱动力。调查结果将分发给媒体和学术机构。该项目还包括为参与的研究生提供广泛的培训，包括先进的数据分析技术培训。

This project examines cross-national differences in entrepreneurship, among both men and women, as measured by self-employment. The project investigates the contexts where women's self-employment is more frequent and more profitable, and offers insights on the policies for work-family reconciliation that promote female entrepreneurship. Past research shows US women's self-employment is profoundly shaped by their family responsibilities. The research seeks to understand whether policies for universal publicly-funded childcare or universal maternity leave would help to close gender gaps in entrepreneurship and pay. Understanding how work-family supports may encourage specific forms of female self-employment offers a potentially transformative understanding regarding how to promote women's entrepreneurship.This study takes an innovative approach to understanding how work-family reconciliation policies shape women's entrepreneurship across different welfare state contexts. The project uses data from 15 westernized countries to examine differences in women's self-employment and work-family policies cross-nationally. Using social policy data, cultural indicators, and longitudinal panel data from these locales, this project deploys event history analysis, fixed effects regression, and multi-level modeling to estimate policy effects net of controls for individual factors associated with self-employment, labor force participation, and earnings. The study's broader impacts are tied to understanding ways to encourage entrepreneurship in the US, and the project expands the scientific understanding of the individual and national level factors leading to women's engagement in self-employment. This project has direct application for increased economic competitiveness of the US. Self-employment is a driving force behind new job creation in the US. The findings will be disseminated to media as well as scholarly outlets. The project also includes extensive training, including in advanced techniques of data analysis, for involved graduate students.