Accurate Calculation of Bit Error Ratios in Optical Fiber Communications Systems

自掺铒光纤放大器的发明和长途光纤通信系统的出现以来，一般不可能精确计算误码率（ber）。光纤传输线的非线性是造成这一困难的根本原因。信号和噪声之间的非线性相互作用会显著影响噪声分布，使简单的分析方法失效。与此同时，必须计算的低ber（在某些情况下为10 -15的数量级）使标准蒙特卡罗模拟变得不切实际。传输非线性还会导致模式依赖和接收标记和空间中的扩展，这不是由于噪声，必须考虑在内。在波分复用（WDM）系统中，成千上万的比特可以相互作用，因此很难准确地计算模式依赖性。此外，准确地对接收器建模是至关重要的，包括接收器引起的符号间干扰，并且必须能够考虑前向纠错和信号处理的影响。在过去的几年里，pi已经开发了一套理论工具，能够解决所有这些问题，并使精确计算ber成为可能。对于这些问题中的每一个，他们都开发了至少两种不同的方法，一种是确定性的，一种是统计的，它们在很大程度上是非常一致的，并且是相互自我验证的。然而，在实际环境中测试这些方法，验证在某些环境中可能有用的简化方法，并通过实验验证结果，还需要相当大的进一步发展。该提案的智力价值在于，他们采用了主要应用于理想化设置的复杂数学工具，并将其发展为有效的计算方法，可用于在具有显著复杂性的现实实验系统中计算ber。拟议研究的广泛影响在于它有可能实质性地影响信息技术及其教育特点。他们期望在进一步开发之后，这些工具将影响系统设计，降低开发和系统成本，并鼓励创新。通过与实验的仔细比较，他们希望这些工具能够为这些复杂系统的工作原理提供新的见解。pi开发的这些方法将在UMBC教授的课程和他们在外部教授的短期课程以及出版物中传播。数学专业学生和工程专业学生之间的跨学科互动是该提案的一个关键特征。研究生研究助理将完成大部分拟议的工作，作为其教育的一部分，向代表性不足的群体伸出援手是该提案的另一个关键特征。

0400535MenyukSince the invention of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier and the advent of long-haul optical fiber communications systems, it has not been possible in general to accurately calculate the bit error ratios (BERs). Nonlinearity in the optical fiber transmission line is the ultimate source of this difficulty. Nonlinear interactions between the signal and the noise can significantly affect the noise distribution prior to the receiver, invalidating simple analytical approaches. At the same time, the low BERs that one must calculate -on the order of 10 -15 in some cases - make standard Monte Carlo simulations impractical.Transmission nonlinearity also leads to pattern dependences and a spread in the received marks and spaces that is not due to noise and must be taken into account. In wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) systems, thousands of bits can interact, so that accurately accounting for the pattern dependences is difficult.Additionally, it is critically important to model the receiver accurately, including receiver-induced intersymbol interference, and one must be able to take into account the impact of forward error correction and signal processing.In the past few years, the PIs have developed a set of theoretical tools that are capable of addressing all these issues and have put the accurate calculation of BERs within reach. For each of these issues, they have developed at least two different methods, one deterministic and one statistical, that are in excellent agreement for the most part and are mutually self-validating. However, considerable further development is needed to test these methods in practical contexts, to validate reduced approaches that might be useful in certain contexts, and to validate results experimentally.The intellectual merit of the proposal resides in their taking sophisticated mathematical tools that have been applied primarily to idealized settings and developing them into effective computational methods that can be used to calculate BERs in real-world experimental systems with significant complexity.The broad impacts of the proposed research lie in its potential to substantially impact information technology and in its educational features. They expect that after further development, these tools will impact system design, lowering both development and systems costs and encouraging innovation. By careful comparison to experiments, they expect these tools to provide new insights into how these complex systems work. These methods that the PIs develop will be disseminated in courses taught at UMBC and short courses that they teach externally, as well as in publications. Interdisciplinary interactions between students in Mathematics and students in Engineering is a key feature of the proposal. Graduate research assistants will carry out most of the proposed work as part of their education, and outreach to under-represented groups is another key feature of the proposal.