Doctoral Dissertation Research: Geographically Targeted Enforcement of Ordinances Restricting Personal Mobility and Actions

博士论文研究：限制个人流动和行动的条例的地域针对性执行

• 批准号: 0402271
• 负责人: Anna Secor
• 金额: $ 0.97万
• 依托单位: University of Kentucky Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-05-01 至 2005-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0402271&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Geographically; Targeted

Brought about through community pressures and policing initiatives, ordinances against prostitution and drug use have become widespread in the United States. Public health concerns have been used to justify the exclusion of certain people from urban areas designated by city ordinances. For example, the Seattle City Council established the Stay Out of Areas of Prostitution (SOAP) and the Stay Out of Drug Areas (SODA) ordinances in 1989 and 1991 in response to neighborhood complaints in order to "redline" areas ranging in size from one to several city blocks. Both ordinances resulted in uneven geographic enforcement of public laws in Seattle. The SOAP and SODA ordinances were effective in clearing out some drug- and prostitution-related activities in designated areas, but while they reduced illegal activities in one area, they often intensified them in others. This Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement project will examine the socio-spatial control of prostitutes and drug users and traffickers in urban public space within Seattle's SOAP and SODA zones. This project initially will seek to explain how neighborhood associations convinced the Seattle City Council to establish the zones, focusing particularly on exclusionary discourses mobilized in support of the ordinances. Second, this project will examine the establishment and everyday enforcement of the ordinances by Seattle's police and their effectiveness as realized by participant observation and analysis of crime statistics within and outside the zones. Third, this project will compare responses to the zones by two different types of organizations that function within the zones: (1) social agencies that provide services to prostitutes and drug users and traffickers and (2) neighborhood associations composed of residents and business owners. This largely qualitative research project will be based on data in the form of: City of Seattle public records; interviews with stakeholder groups, public officials, and police; and participant observation focused on the activities of police, social service agencies, and neighborhood associations. These examinations will be supplemented by quantitative analyses of crime and HIV-infection rates within and outside of the city's SOAP and SODA zones.This research aims to extend knowledge on socio-spatial control, namely exclusionary politics and their effects on access to urban public space. This project will provide a comprehensive survey and analysis regarding how discourses surrounding citizenship produce a public space that is exclusionary to those who are not conceived as citizens by structures intact within the city. This research will highlight the discursive construction of criminality and the intense micro-politics of policing space that the designation of criminality invokes. In producing a geographical analysis of policing strategies and discourses, this research is expected to show how federal, state, and municipal agencies influence policing strategies in urban public space. It will examine how local politics in the form of public policy have spatial repercussions on marginalized populations and their access to public space. Results from this research will be shared with publicly and privately funded organizations, including neighborhood associations and social service agencies; City of Seattle policy makers; and the Seattle Police Department. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

在社区压力和治安倡议的推动下，禁止卖淫和吸毒的法令在美国变得普遍。公共卫生方面的担忧被用来证明将某些人排除在城市条例指定的城市地区之外是正当的。例如，西雅图市议会在和1991年制定了禁止卖淫区域(肥皂)和禁止毒品区域(苏打水)法令，以回应社区投诉，以便对从一个到几个城市街区大小的区域设置红线。这两项法令都导致西雅图公法在地理上的执行不均衡。肥皂和苏打水条例有效地清除了指定地区的一些与毒品和卖淫有关的活动，但尽管它们减少了一个地区的非法活动，但它们往往加剧了其他地区的非法活动。这一博士论文研究改进项目将研究西雅图肥皂和苏打区内城市公共空间中妓女、吸毒者和人贩子的社会空间控制。这个项目最初将试图解释社区协会是如何说服西雅图市议会设立这些区域的，特别是关注为支持这些法令而动员起来的排他性言论。第二，该项目将通过参与观察和分析区域内外的犯罪统计数据，审查西雅图警方制定和日常执行这些条例的情况以及它们的有效性。第三，该项目将比较在区域内运作的两种不同类型的组织对区域的反应：(1)向妓女、吸毒者和贩运者提供服务的社会机构；(2)由居民和企业主组成的社区协会。这项主要是定性研究的项目将以以下形式的数据为基础：西雅图市公共记录；对利益相关者团体、公职人员和警察的采访；以及以警察、社会服务机构和社区协会的活动为重点的参与者观察。除了这些检查，还将对城市肥皂和苏打区内外的犯罪率和艾滋病毒感染率进行量化分析。这项研究的目的是扩大关于社会空间控制的知识，即排他性政治及其对进入城市公共空间的影响。这个项目将提供一个全面的调查和分析，关于围绕公民身份的话语如何产生一个公共空间，对那些不被城市内完好无损的结构视为公民的人是排他性的。这一研究将突出犯罪性的话语建构和犯罪性指定所引发的警务空间的强烈微观政治性。在对警务战略和话语进行地理分析的过程中，这项研究预计将展示联邦、州和市政机构如何影响城市公共空间的警务战略。它将审查公共政策形式的地方政治如何对边缘化人口及其获得公共空间的机会产生空间影响。这项研究的结果将与公共和私人资助的组织分享，包括社区协会和社会服务机构、西雅图市政策制定者和西雅图警察局。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立研究生涯。