The Effects of New Urban Developments Compared to Conventional Low Density Developments on Natural Hazard Mitigation

与传统低密度开发相比，新城市开发对减轻自然灾害的影响

• 批准号: 0407720
• 负责人: Philip Berke
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0407720&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; New; Urban; Developments; Compared

New Urban developments are a higher density, more compact urban form than conventional developments (sprawl). High density developments like New Urban forms place more people, buildings, and infrastructure at risk than conventional developments on an equivalent land unit exposed to hazards, and thus pose a potentially greater threat. Despite the rapid expansion of New Urban developments in hazardous areas, no studies have analyzed the effects of New Urban design on hazard mitigation. The research will contribute to understanding the impacts of New Urban design on integration of mitigation practices into developments. To make this contribution requires an investigation of whether New Urban developments are at least equally disaster resilient to conventional developments, or whether New Urbanism contributes to increased vulnerability to life and property. The study will also evaluate the effects of choices that planners and others make in designing mitigation plans and implementation programs regarding their influence on integration of mitigation practices into New Urban developments.This study will contribute to knowledge about how Smart Growth programs and New Urban developments can be designed to attain the benefits of New Urbanism without increasing the threat from hazards. The study will yield guidelines for local governments on how to prepare comprehensive hazard mitigation plans that identify and prioritize mitigation policies focused on New Urban developments; identify site design practices to safely build New Urban developments; and suggest factors that need attention for supporting mitigation involving enforcement, citizen support, and staff capacity. Because federal and state governments have significant roles in promoting mitigation, the study will also provide guidelines on how to influence local governments and developers to support use of mitigation practices in New Urban developments.

新的城市发展是一个更高的密度，更紧凑的城市形式比传统的发展（蔓延）。 高密度的发展，如新的城市形式，使更多的人，建筑物和基础设施处于危险之中，而不是传统的发展，在同等的土地单位暴露在危险之中，因此构成了潜在的更大的威胁。 尽管危险地区的新城开发迅速扩张，但没有研究分析新城设计对减灾的影响。 该研究将有助于了解新城市设计对将缓解措施融入发展的影响。 为了做出这一贡献，需要调查新城市发展是否至少与传统发展具有同等的抗灾能力，或者新城市主义是否会增加生命和财产的脆弱性。 该研究还将评估规划者和其他人在设计减灾计划和实施方案时所做的选择对减灾实践融入新城市发展的影响。该研究将有助于了解如何设计智能增长方案和新城市发展，以实现新城市主义的好处，而不增加危险的威胁。 该研究将为地方政府制定综合减灾计划提供指导，该计划将确定并优先考虑以新城市开发为重点的减灾政策;确定安全建设新城市开发的场地设计实践;并建议需要注意的因素，以支持涉及执法，公民支持和工作人员能力的减灾。 由于联邦和州政府在促进缓解方面发挥着重要作用，因此该研究还将提供有关如何影响地方政府和开发商以支持在新城市开发中使用缓解做法的指导方针。