The Effects of New Urban Developments Compared to Conventional Low Density Developments on Natural Hazard Mitigation

新的城市开发是一种密度更高、更紧凑的城市形式，而不是传统的开发(无序扩张)。与同等土地单位上的传统开发项目相比，像新城市形态这样的高密度开发项目将更多的人、建筑和基础设施置于危险之中，因此构成了潜在的更大威胁。尽管危险地区的新城市开发项目迅速扩张，但还没有研究分析新城市设计对减灾的影响。这项研究将有助于理解新城市设计对将缓解措施纳入发展的影响。要做出这一贡献，需要调查新城市开发项目是否至少与传统开发项目具有同等的抗灾能力，或者新城市主义是否会增加生命和财产的脆弱性。这项研究还将评估规划者和其他人在设计缓解计划和实施方案时做出的选择的效果，这些选择对将缓解措施整合到新城市开发中的影响。这项研究将有助于了解如何设计智能增长计划和新城市开发，以在不增加危险威胁的情况下获得新城市主义的好处。这项研究将为地方政府提供指导方针，指导他们如何制定全面的减灾计划，以确定侧重于新城市开发的减灾政策并确定其优先顺序；确定安全建设新城市开发的场地设计实践；并提出需要注意的因素，以支持涉及执法、市民支持和工作人员能力的减灾。由于联邦和州政府在促进缓解方面发挥着重要作用，该研究还将就如何影响地方政府和开发商支持在新城市开发中使用缓解措施提供指导方针。

New Urban developments are a higher density, more compact urban form than conventional developments (sprawl). High density developments like New Urban forms place more people, buildings, and infrastructure at risk than conventional developments on an equivalent land unit exposed to hazards, and thus pose a potentially greater threat. Despite the rapid expansion of New Urban developments in hazardous areas, no studies have analyzed the effects of New Urban design on hazard mitigation. The research will contribute to understanding the impacts of New Urban design on integration of mitigation practices into developments. To make this contribution requires an investigation of whether New Urban developments are at least equally disaster resilient to conventional developments, or whether New Urbanism contributes to increased vulnerability to life and property. The study will also evaluate the effects of choices that planners and others make in designing mitigation plans and implementation programs regarding their influence on integration of mitigation practices into New Urban developments.This study will contribute to knowledge about how Smart Growth programs and New Urban developments can be designed to attain the benefits of New Urbanism without increasing the threat from hazards. The study will yield guidelines for local governments on how to prepare comprehensive hazard mitigation plans that identify and prioritize mitigation policies focused on New Urban developments; identify site design practices to safely build New Urban developments; and suggest factors that need attention for supporting mitigation involving enforcement, citizen support, and staff capacity. Because federal and state governments have significant roles in promoting mitigation, the study will also provide guidelines on how to influence local governments and developers to support use of mitigation practices in New Urban developments.