DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Theories of Adaptive Radiations: A Test Using the Family Percidae (Teleostei: Perciformes)

论文研究：适应性辐射理论：使用鲈科（Teleostei：Perciformes）进行的测试

• 批准号: 0408094
• 负责人: Richard Mayden
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: Saint Louis University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-01 至 2007-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0408094&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Theories; Adaptive; Radiations

Dr. Richard L. Mayden and Mr. Nicholas J. Lang of Saint Louis University will study the evolution and ecology of the family Percidae; a Holarctic group of freshwater fishes. The family is comprised of 10 genera and over 200 species distributed across North America and Eurasia. The North American endemic tribe Etheostomatini (4 genera and nearly 200 species) represents the vast majority of species-level diversity within the family. This group of fishes exhibits many characteristics of the classic adaptive radiations (African rift lake cichlids, Galapagos finches) including high diversity, strong sexual dimorphism, and a range of ecological specializations. Recent theoretical advances have allowed for the objective identification and characterization of adaptive radiations. In order to implement these tests within the percids, the awardees will construct a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships within the family using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences, as well as morphological and behavioral characters. These relationships will be used to identify and test hypotheses about the processes through which adaptive radiations form. This project will train a doctoral student. In addition, adaptive radiations are, quite literally, the foundation for modern ideas about evolutionary biology. Recently devised methods have allowed biologists to focus on those groups of organisms that display a wide range of adaptations regardless of how many species are included. This has focused research on groups that have evolved into new niches instead of those that have many species within a retained ancestral niche. Darters (the common name for Etheostomatine fishes) are a diverse group that inhabits many niches in all possible types of freshwater bodies in North America. There are several lineages of darters, each of which inhabits a characteristic microhabitat. While representatives of divergent lineages often segregate by microhabitat within a local fauna, it is rare for closely related species to inhabit the same stream. The hypothesis that diversification into new niches drove early darter evolution, while vicariance and/or local sexual selection are the factors underlying high levels of species diversity, will be tested using a comprehensive phylogenetic tree. This tree will be useful to many future scientists interested in both evolutionary and ecological processes within this interesting group.

圣路易斯大学的Richard L. Mayden博士和Nicholas J. Lang先生将研究Percidae家族的进化和生态；一群淡水鱼类。该家庭由北美和欧亚大陆分布的10种属和200多种物种组成。北美流行的部落Etheostomatini（4属和近200种）代表了家庭中绝大多数物种水平的多样性。这组鱼表现出许多经典的自适应辐射（非洲裂谷丽丝湖，加拉帕戈斯雀）的特征，包括高度多样性，强烈的性二态性和一系列的生态特殊性。最新的理论进步允许自适应辐射的客观识别和表征。为了在Percid中实施这些测试，获奖者将使用核和线粒体DNA序列以及形态和行为特征来构建家庭中进化关系的假设。这些关系将用于识别和检验有关自适应辐射形成的过程的假设。 这个项目将培训博士生。此外，从字面上看，自适应辐射是有关进化生物学的现代思想的基础。最近设计的方法使生物学家能够专注于那些表现出广泛适应的生物体，无论包括多少种物种。这重点研究了已经演变成新的壁ni的群体，而不是那些在保留的祖先生态市场中具有许多物种的群体。 DARTERTER（乙or骨鱼类鱼类的通用名称）是一个多元化的群体，在北美所有可能的淡水体内居住在许多可能的淡水体中。有几个飞行器的谱系，每个人都居住在一个特征性的微栖息地。虽然不同谱系的代表经常在局部动物区域内通过微栖息地隔离，但密切相关的物种很少居住在同一流中。在新的壁ches中的多样化推动了早期的进化，而种植和/或局部性选择是物种多样性的基本因素，将使用全面的系统发育树测试。这棵树将对对这个有趣群体中进化和生态过程感兴趣的许多未来科学家有用。