Determination of the Rate of Nucleation of Aerosol Particles in Clear and Cloud-Processed Atmospheric Conditions

这个大气化学项目的教师早期职业发展（Career）项目将研究和教学部分整合到一个五年的职业规划中。该计划的研究部分进行了一系列研究，以提高我们目前对大气中新粒子成核所必需的化合物和气象条件的理解。教学部分使用创造性的新技术为基础的资源，以兴趣和教学的学生，结合重要的机会，指导学生的研究和演讲技巧。本研究计划将最新发展的飞行时间质谱技术应用于鲜为人知的硫酸-水成核机制，然后将这种成核速率的经验评估扩展到与氨的三元混合物和有机化合物。该方法的优点在于，它不依赖于散装液体的性质来描述簇的行为，因此不会受到相关不确定性的影响。该技术将质谱测量技术与可变体积反应器容器相结合，用于在过饱和条件下生成团簇，从而全面表征混合时间对观察到的成核速率的影响。同时，模拟研究了不同边界层和自由对流层条件对观测到的成核速率的影响。通过实现一个独特的新粒子动力学模型，该模型能够计算外部混合粒子群的同时成核、凝聚、凝结和激活，从而评估混合气溶胶群区域的成核速率。这些结果对于云流出区新粒子成核的可能性以及气团混合的空气区域具有重要意义。这个职业规划的教学部分利用了与四个政府资助的实验室的合作关系，在课堂上使用新技术作为教学工具。学生将会看到最新的卫星技术所提供的图像，并在NCAR C130飞机上体验模拟的“研究飞行”，以增加他们对大气化学研究的兴趣和知识。本科课程还将纳入相关的政策和经济信息，以突出大气化学对政治立法和商业决策的重要性，为部分计划从事公共政策、法律、管理和教育事业的学生提供帮助。本科和研究生的论文课程都强调作为一种技巧，教导学生如何独立完成项目，并通过与研究人员的互动，为他们追求科学事业提供早期的鼓励。该计划所包括的指导的另一个重要部分是，通过为学生在课程和新的研究生系列研讨会上创造更多的发言机会，纠正妇女和其他传统上代表性不足的学生所报告的缺点。

ATM-9732949 Russell This Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) project in the Atmospheric Chemistry Program integrates a research and a teaching component into a five-year career plan. The research part of this plan undertakes a series of studies to advance our current understanding of both the chemical compounds and the meteorological conditions that are necessary for nucleation of new particles to occur in the atmosphere. The teaching part uses creative new technology-based resources to interest and teach students, incorporating important opportunities for mentoring students on their research and presentation skills. The research program applies the recently-developed technique of time-of-flight mass spectrometry to the little-understood mechanism of sulfuric acid-water nucleation, then extends this empirical evaluation of the nucleation rate to ternary mixtures with ammonia and to organic compounds. The strength of the approach is that it does not depend on bulk liquid properties to describe the behavior of clusters, and hence does not suffer from the associated uncertainties. The technique will integrate the mass spectrometric measurement technique with a variable-volume reactor vessel for generation of clusters in supersaturated conditions to allow the thorough characterization of the effect of mixing times on the observed nucleation rate. In parallel, modeling is used to investigate the effects of different boundary-layer and free-tropospheric conditions on the observed rate of nucleation. By implementing a unique new particle dynamics model with the capability to calculate the simultaneous nucleation, coagulation, condensation, and activation of externally-mixed populations of particles, the nucleation rate in areas of mixed aerosol populations are evaluated. These results have important implications for the possibility of nucleation of new particles in cloud outflow regions, as well as for regions of air where air masses mix. The teaching part of this career plan takes adva ntage of partnerships with four government-sponsored laboratories to use new technologies as teaching tools in the classroom. Students will discover the images provided by the latest satellite technologies and will experience a simulated 'research flight' aboard the NCAR C130 aircraft, to increase their interest in and knowledge of research in Atmospheric Chemistry. Undergraduate coursework will also incorporate relevant policy and economic information to highlight the importance of the Atmospheric Chemistry to political legislation and business decisions for the fraction of students planning to pursue careers in public policy, law, management, and education. Undergraduate and graduate thesis programs are both emphasized as techniques to teach students how to work on independent projects and to provide them with early encouragement for pursuing careers in science by interactions with researchers. Another important part of the mentoring included in this plan is directed toward correcting the reported shortcomings of women and other traditionally underrepresented students through the creation of additional speaking opportunities for students in courses and in a new seminar series for graduate students.