Determination of the Rate of Nucleation of Aerosol Particles in Clear and Cloud-Processed Atmospheric Conditions

ATM-9732949罗素这个大气化学项目中的教师早期职业发展项目将研究和教学部分整合到一个五年职业计划中。该计划的研究部分进行了一系列研究，以促进我们目前对大气中新粒子成核所必需的化学化合物和气象条件的了解。教学部分使用创造性的基于技术的新资源来引起学生的兴趣和进行教学，其中包含指导学生研究和演示技能的重要机会。该研究计划将最近开发的飞行时间质谱学技术应用于鲜为人知的硫酸-水成核机理，然后将成核率的经验评估扩展到与氨和有机化合物的三元混合物。该方法的优点在于，它不依赖于大块液体性质来描述团簇的行为，因此不会受到相关不确定性的影响。该技术将把质谱学测量技术与可变体积反应堆容器相结合，用于在过饱和条件下产生团簇，以便彻底表征混合时间对观察到的成核率的影响。同时，用模拟的方法研究了不同边界层和自由对流层条件对观测到的成核率的影响。通过实现一个独特的新的粒子动力学模型，能够计算外部混合粒子群的同时成核、凝结、凝结和激活，评估了混合气溶胶粒子群区域的成核率。这些结果对于云外流区域中新粒子成核的可能性以及气团混合的空气区域具有重要的意义。这项职业计划的教学部分采取了ADVA与四个政府资助的实验室建立合作伙伴关系，在课堂上使用新技术作为教学工具。学生们将发现由最新卫星技术提供的图像，并将在NCAR C130飞机上体验一次模拟的“研究飞行”，以增加他们对大气化学研究的兴趣和知识。本科课程还将纳入相关的政策和经济信息，以突出大气化学对计划从事公共政策、法律、管理和教育职业的一小部分学生的政治立法和商业决策的重要性。本科生和研究生论文项目都被强调为教会学生如何从事独立项目的技术，并通过与研究人员的互动为他们提供早期对追求科学事业的鼓励。该计划所包括的辅导的另一个重要部分是，通过在课程和新的研究生系列研讨会上为学生创造更多的发言机会，纠正所报告的妇女和其他传统上代表人数不足的学生的缺点。

ATM-9732949 Russell This Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) project in the Atmospheric Chemistry Program integrates a research and a teaching component into a five-year career plan. The research part of this plan undertakes a series of studies to advance our current understanding of both the chemical compounds and the meteorological conditions that are necessary for nucleation of new particles to occur in the atmosphere. The teaching part uses creative new technology-based resources to interest and teach students, incorporating important opportunities for mentoring students on their research and presentation skills. The research program applies the recently-developed technique of time-of-flight mass spectrometry to the little-understood mechanism of sulfuric acid-water nucleation, then extends this empirical evaluation of the nucleation rate to ternary mixtures with ammonia and to organic compounds. The strength of the approach is that it does not depend on bulk liquid properties to describe the behavior of clusters, and hence does not suffer from the associated uncertainties. The technique will integrate the mass spectrometric measurement technique with a variable-volume reactor vessel for generation of clusters in supersaturated conditions to allow the thorough characterization of the effect of mixing times on the observed nucleation rate. In parallel, modeling is used to investigate the effects of different boundary-layer and free-tropospheric conditions on the observed rate of nucleation. By implementing a unique new particle dynamics model with the capability to calculate the simultaneous nucleation, coagulation, condensation, and activation of externally-mixed populations of particles, the nucleation rate in areas of mixed aerosol populations are evaluated. These results have important implications for the possibility of nucleation of new particles in cloud outflow regions, as well as for regions of air where air masses mix. The teaching part of this career plan takes adva ntage of partnerships with four government-sponsored laboratories to use new technologies as teaching tools in the classroom. Students will discover the images provided by the latest satellite technologies and will experience a simulated 'research flight' aboard the NCAR C130 aircraft, to increase their interest in and knowledge of research in Atmospheric Chemistry. Undergraduate coursework will also incorporate relevant policy and economic information to highlight the importance of the Atmospheric Chemistry to political legislation and business decisions for the fraction of students planning to pursue careers in public policy, law, management, and education. Undergraduate and graduate thesis programs are both emphasized as techniques to teach students how to work on independent projects and to provide them with early encouragement for pursuing careers in science by interactions with researchers. Another important part of the mentoring included in this plan is directed toward correcting the reported shortcomings of women and other traditionally underrepresented students through the creation of additional speaking opportunities for students in courses and in a new seminar series for graduate students.