RAPID: Complementary Organic Aerosol Measurements of Marine Aerosol on the R/V Knorr during the Western Atlantic Climate Study 2014 (WACS2)

作为美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）发起的“2014年西大西洋气候研究”（WACS2）项目的一部分，本项目将检验以下假设：(1)主要海洋有机气溶胶的组成与源海水密切相关；(2)海水成分随表层海水生物成分的变化而变化，其中海面温度比叶绿素更能代表表层海水的生物成分。该项目的目的是评估海洋生物地球化学如何影响海洋喷雾颗粒。首席研究员将在高生产力和低生产力水域就地测量地表海水参数。这些测量将用于表征新排放的源自海洋的海雾气溶胶粒子、海洋环境区域气溶胶和表层海洋有机物，以评估它们与源自海洋的海雾气溶胶粒子的关系。在项目中使用的创新测量技术包括一种新改良的气溶胶撞击器，可直接与参与项目的其他同事所进行的气溶胶和CCN测量进行比较。此外，还将并行部署在高温下运行的HR-ToF-AMS（用于测量难熔盐）和高分辨率烟尘颗粒气溶胶质谱仪（用于测量黑碳）。本项目将研究海洋环境气溶胶与海洋表层有机物的关系，以评估它们与海洋衍生的海洋喷雾气溶胶颗粒的关系。来自海洋的粒子可以通过改变云的特性（如反照率）以及云的寿命和范围来影响地球的辐射收支。要准确地计算这些粒子对气候的影响，需要对它们新排放状态下的特性进行表征。

This project will test the following hypotheses as part of Western Atlantic Climate Study 2014 (WACS2), a campaign sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): (1) The composition of primary marine organic aerosol closely tracks the source seawater, and (2) The seawater composition varies with the biotic components of the surface waters, for which sea surface temperature is a better proxy than chlorophyll. The purpose of this project is to assess how ocean biogeochemistry impacts sea spray particles. The principal investigator will measure in situ surface seawater parameters in both high and low productivity waters. These measurements will be used to characterize freshly emitted ocean-derived sea spray aerosol particles, ambient marine-region aerosol, and surface ocean organic material for assessing their relationship to ocean-derived sea spray aerosol particles.Innovative measurement techniques to be used in project include a newly modified aerosol impactor that can be directly compared to aerosol and CCN measurements being made by other colleagues participating in the project. In addition, there will be side-by-side deployment of a HR-ToF-AMS operated at high temperatures (for measurements of refractory NaCl), and a high resolution Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (for measuring black carbon). This project will study the relationship of ambient marine-region aerosol and surface ocean organic material to assess their relationship to ocean-derived sea spray aerosol particles. Ocean-derived particles can impact the Earth's radiation budget by altering cloud properties (such as albedo) and cloud lifetime and extent. Characterization of the properties of these particles in their freshly emitted state is needed for accurate model calculations of their impact on climate.