RAPID: Complementary Organic Aerosol Measurements of Marine Aerosol on the R/V Knorr during the Western Atlantic Climate Study 2014 (WACS2)

作为美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)赞助的《2014年西大西洋气候研究》(WACS2)的一部分，该项目将检验以下假设：(1)初级海洋有机气溶胶的组成与来源海水密切相关，(2)海水组成随表层水的生物成分而变化，海水表面温度比叶绿素更能反映表层水的生物成分。该项目的目的是评估海洋生物地球化学如何影响海洋喷雾颗粒。首席调查员将在高生产率和低生产率水域现场测量表层海水参数。这些测量将用于表征新排放的海洋衍生海洋喷雾气溶胶颗粒、环境海洋区域气溶胶和表面海洋有机物质，以评估它们与海洋衍生海洋喷雾气溶胶颗粒的关系。将在项目中使用的创新测量技术包括一种新改装的气溶胶撞击器，可以直接与参与该项目的其他同事进行的气溶胶和CCN测量进行比较。此外，还将同时部署一台在高温下运行的HR-ToF-AMS(用于测量难熔的氯化钠)和一台高分辨率烟尘粒子气溶胶质谱仪(用于测量黑碳)。该项目将研究周围海洋区域气溶胶和表层海洋有机物质的关系，以评估它们与海洋衍生的海雾气溶胶颗粒的关系。来自海洋的颗粒可以通过改变云的属性(如反照率)以及云的寿命和范围来影响地球的辐射收支。为了准确计算这些颗粒物对气候的影响，需要对这些颗粒物在其新排放状态下的特性进行表征。

This project will test the following hypotheses as part of Western Atlantic Climate Study 2014 (WACS2), a campaign sponsored by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): (1) The composition of primary marine organic aerosol closely tracks the source seawater, and (2) The seawater composition varies with the biotic components of the surface waters, for which sea surface temperature is a better proxy than chlorophyll. The purpose of this project is to assess how ocean biogeochemistry impacts sea spray particles. The principal investigator will measure in situ surface seawater parameters in both high and low productivity waters. These measurements will be used to characterize freshly emitted ocean-derived sea spray aerosol particles, ambient marine-region aerosol, and surface ocean organic material for assessing their relationship to ocean-derived sea spray aerosol particles.Innovative measurement techniques to be used in project include a newly modified aerosol impactor that can be directly compared to aerosol and CCN measurements being made by other colleagues participating in the project. In addition, there will be side-by-side deployment of a HR-ToF-AMS operated at high temperatures (for measurements of refractory NaCl), and a high resolution Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (for measuring black carbon). This project will study the relationship of ambient marine-region aerosol and surface ocean organic material to assess their relationship to ocean-derived sea spray aerosol particles. Ocean-derived particles can impact the Earth's radiation budget by altering cloud properties (such as albedo) and cloud lifetime and extent. Characterization of the properties of these particles in their freshly emitted state is needed for accurate model calculations of their impact on climate.