Inverse Kinematics and Interoperability Standards for Visualization of Construction Activities at the Operations Level of Detail

操作细节级别施工活动可视化的逆运动学和互操作性标准

• 批准号: 0408538
• 负责人: Vineet Kamat
• 金额: $ 17.98万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0408538&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Inverse; Kinematics; Interoperability; Standards; Visualization

This project will investigate the requirements that will enable the 3D animation of a construction operation to be automatically generated from the kinematic properties of the resources (e.g. equipment, craftsmen) that perform that operation, and the geometry of the infrastructure. This will be achieved by designing an analysis technique that considers an articulated resource to be a system of linkages that can be analyzed as an open kinematic chain. This will allow the implement of such a resource (e.g. excavator's bucket, mason's arm, etc.) to be considered as the kinematic chain's end-effector that can be manipulated and controlled using goal-oriented techniques based on inverse kinematics. The goals of the end-effectors themselves, i.e. positions where a resource's implement should be at key instances during an operation will be automatically extracted from interoperable 3D product models of facilities.A simple, software-authorable, object-oriented language to define articulated resources will be designed and implemented. A discrete-event simulation model (or any other external software process) will be able to instantiate resources defined in this language inside 3D virtual worlds, and instruct them to perform operations using a high-level, construction work-like terminology. This will enable the automated 3D animation of construction operations of any length and complexity. The resulting capability will significantly improve the verification, validation, and communication of discrete-event simulation models, and make them more credible and thus used in operations planning and decision-making. Performance of actual field operations will be improved by allowing proper communication of the planned work prior to its execution. In addition to communicating what may happen in the future (by visualizing simulated operations), it will be possible to automatically re-create in virtual worlds what happened in the past, and what is currently happening (from real-time data). Such benefits will also accrue in other fields such as manufacturing, aviation, mining, and ship-building where the need to visualize operations is as acute as in construction. The enabled technology will allow educators to effectively teach operations planning, analysis, and design to students in construction and other domains. The tools resulting from the research will be used to enhance the construction courses being currently taught at the University of Michigan, and will be made publicly available to educators at other institutions. This work will also significantly impact the infrastructure for research by providing an effective technology for investigators to study operations, safety, and educational issues in construction and other fields. In summary, the societal benefits of the project are: 1) the reductions in construction life-cycle costs that will be possible through proper planning and design of construction operations; 2) the career development of the personnel participating in the project; and 3) the effective education and training of future construction engineers.

该项目将调查的要求，将使三维动画的施工操作自动生成的资源（如设备，工匠），执行该操作的运动学特性，以及基础设施的几何形状。这将通过设计一种分析技术来实现，该技术将铰接资源视为一个可以作为开放运动链进行分析的连杆系统。这将允许实现这样的资源（例如，挖掘机的铲斗、石匠的臂等）。被认为是运动链的末端执行器，可以使用基于逆运动学的目标导向技术来操纵和控制。从可互操作的3D产品模型中自动提取末端执行器本身的目标，即在操作过程中资源的实施应该在关键时刻的位置，设计并实现了一种简单的、软件可授权的、面向对象的语言来定义铰接资源。离散事件仿真模型（或任何其他外部软件过程）将能够在3D虚拟世界中实例化用这种语言定义的资源，并指示它们使用高级的、类似建筑工程的术语执行操作。这将使任何长度和复杂性的施工操作的自动化3D动画成为可能。由此产生的能力将显著改善离散事件仿真模型的验证、确认和通信，使其更加可信，从而用于作战规划和决策。通过在执行计划工作之前对计划工作进行适当沟通，将改善实际外地业务的业绩。除了传达未来可能发生的事情（通过可视化模拟操作）之外，还可以在虚拟世界中自动重新创建过去发生的事情以及当前正在发生的事情（根据实时数据）。这些好处也将在其他领域产生，如制造业、航空业、采矿业和造船业，这些领域对可视化操作的需求与建筑业一样迫切。该技术将使教育工作者能够有效地向建筑和其他领域的学生教授运营规划，分析和设计。从研究中产生的工具将用于加强目前在密歇根大学教授的建筑课程，并将公开提供给其他机构的教育工作者。这项工作还将通过为研究人员提供有效的技术来研究建筑和其他领域的操作，安全和教育问题，从而对研究基础设施产生重大影响。总之，该项目的社会效益是：1）通过适当规划和设计施工作业，有可能降低施工生命周期成本; 2）参与项目的人员的职业发展; 3）对未来的施工工程师进行有效的教育和培训。