Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of the Primitive Bee Family Colletidae

原始蜂科蜂科的系统发育和历史生物地理学

• 批准号: 0412176
• 负责人: Bryan Danforth
• 金额: $ 28.67万
• 依托单位: Cornell Univ - State: AWDS MADE PRIOR MAY 2010
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0412176&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogeny; Historical; Biogeography; Primitive; Bee

DEB 0412176Danforth A grant has been awarded to Dr. Bryan N. Danforth of Cornell University to investigate the phylogeny and historical biogeography of the bee family Colletidae. This is one of the seven currently recognized families of bees and represents over 900 species of the approximately 16,000 species of bees in the world. Colletid bees are particularly interesting because they are considered by many experts to represent the most primitive bee family. In fact, this family may represent a transitional stage in the evolution of bees from wasps. This is also an important family from the perspective of biogeography. Members of the Colletidae are most diverse in the southern hemisphere and their current distribution suggests they were present on the southern continent of Gondwana before its fragmentation during the Cretaceous period (140 to 65 million years ago). Like ratite birds (Ratitae), southern beeches (Nothofagus), and vespid wasps (Vespidae), colletid bees are an ideal group for investigating historical biogeography because their phylogenetic relationships appear to reflect the fragmentation of Gondwanaland in the Cretaceous. The project has three main goals: (1) conduct a phylogenetic study of the colletid subfamilies, tribes, and genera on a worldwide basis based both on morphology and molecular (DNA sequence) data. Second (2), focus efforts at the generic, subgeneric, and species levels on the largest and most taxonomically difficult (and very likely polyphyletic) colletid subfamily, Colletinae. The study of Colletinae depends on a revised higher level classification for Colletidae as a whole because the former will probably be divided into smaller but monophyletic subfamilies. Finally (3), analyze historical biogeographic patterns based on phylogenetic hypothesis in order to test the prediction that the colletid bees reflect Gondwanan fragmentation, and to compare these results with other studies of groups with similar distributions.This project will expand understanding of the relationships and classification of the most important pollinators of flowering plants (bees), and will have implications for crop pollination, biodiversity, and conservation. This project will provide educational and research training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students at Cornell University. Students involved with the project will gain experience in basic molecular biology as well as training in the specific fields of insect systematics, bee biology and host-plant associations, and biogeography. This project will lead to collaborative research efforts among US as well as Brazilian, South African, Australian, and Canadian colleagues. Additionally, the award will develop a web site on bee phylogeny, historical biogeography, diversity, and molecular systematics. This web site will disseminate results to the widest audience possible. The study will make use of the recently published complete genomic sequence of the honey bee (funded by the USDA).

DEB 0412176丹福思一笔赠款已授予布赖恩N博士。丹福思的研究，以调查蜜蜂科的生殖发育和历史地理学。这是目前公认的七个蜜蜂家族之一，代表了世界上大约16，000种蜜蜂中的900多种。Colletid蜜蜂特别有趣，因为它们被许多专家认为是最原始的蜜蜂家族。 事实上，这个家族可能代表了蜜蜂从黄蜂进化的一个过渡阶段。这也是一个重要的家庭，从角度来看，传记。Colletidae的成员在南半球最多样化，它们目前的分布表明它们在白垩纪（1.4亿至6500万年前）分裂之前存在于冈瓦纳大陆南部。与平胸鸟（Ratitae）、南方山毛榉（Nothofagus）和胡蜂（Vespidae）一样，colletid蜜蜂是研究历史地理学的理想群体，因为它们的系统发育关系似乎反映了冈瓦纳大陆在白垩纪的分裂。该项目有三个主要目标：（1）在形态学和分子（DNA序列）数据的基础上，在世界范围内对刺蛾亚科、族和属进行系统发育研究。第二（2），在属、亚属和种的水平上集中精力于最大和最难分类的（很可能是多系的）colletid亚科，Colletinae。Colletinae的研究取决于一个修订的更高层次的分类作为一个整体，因为前者可能会被分为更小的，但单系亚科。最后（3），基于系统发育假说分析历史地理模式，以检验刺蜂反映冈瓦纳分裂的预测，并将这些结果与其他具有类似分布的类群的研究结果进行比较。本项目将扩大对开花植物最重要的传粉者（蜜蜂）的关系和分类的理解，并将对作物授粉，生物多样性，和保护。 该项目将为康奈尔大学的本科生和研究生提供教育和研究培训机会。 参与该项目的学生将获得基础分子生物学的经验，以及在昆虫系统学，蜜蜂生物学和寄主植物协会，和昆虫地理学的特定领域的培训。该项目将导致美国以及巴西，南非，澳大利亚和加拿大同事之间的合作研究工作。此外，该奖项还将建立一个关于蜜蜂遗传学、历史地理学、多样性和分子系统学的网站。该网站将向尽可能广泛的受众传播结果。这项研究将利用最近发表的蜜蜂的完整基因组序列（由美国农业部资助）。