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Evolutionary Response to Rapid Climate Change

对快速气候变化的进化反应

基本信息

批准号：
0412573
负责人：
William Bradshaw
金额：
$ 50万
依托单位：
University of Oregon Eugene
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2004-09-01 至 2009-08-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0412573&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Evolutionary Response Rapid Climate Change

项目摘要

Recent climate warming in North America has affected daily and winter low temperatures rather than summer and daily high temperatures. The result is milder winters and longer summers. Climate warming should therefore alleviate cold stress but disrupt patterns of seasonal activities. This research seeks to test whether climate warming affects the tolerance of increased heat or the timing of seasonal patterns of development, reproduction, hibernation, and migration among northern mosquitoes by performing a long-term selection experiment.Knowledge of the responses of plants and animals to global climate change is important for conserving biodiversity, for predicting the spread of mosquitoes and other potential vectors of disease, and for evaluating the efficacy of planned introductions of predators and parasites for biocontrol. The term "global warming" implies that the major impact of climate change is on the level of heat stress that will be imposed on plants and animals, but global warming is proceeding faster a northern than at southern latitudes and will serve to alleviate cold stress more then it imposes heat stress. At the same time, climate warming may be on disrupting inherited patterns of seasonal development: organisms will cease reproduction and hibernate too early. This research will test the relative importance of temperature tolerance and the timing of seasonal activities on performance of temperate organisms.

最近北美的气候变暖影响了每日和冬季的低温，而不是夏季和每日的高温。其结果是更温和的冬天和更长的夏天。因此，气候变暖应能缓解寒冷压力，但会扰乱季节性活动的模式。这项研究试图通过进行长期选择实验来测试气候变暖是否会影响北方蚊子对高温的耐受性或季节性模式的发育、繁殖、冬眠和迁移的时间。了解植物和动物对全球气候变化的反应对于保护生物多样性、预测蚊子和其他潜在疾病媒介的传播、以及评估计划引入捕食者和寄生虫进行生物防治的效力。“全球变暖”一词意味着气候变化的主要影响是对植物和动物施加的热应激水平，但全球变暖在北方比在南方纬度进行得更快，将有助于缓解冷应激，而不是施加热应激。与此同时，气候变暖可能会破坏季节性发展的遗传模式：生物体将停止繁殖并过早冬眠。这项研究将测试温度耐受性和季节活动时间对温带生物性能的相对重要性。