Evolution of Photoperiodic Time Measurement in the Pitcher-Plant Mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii

猪笼草蚊子 Wyeomyia smithii 光周期时间测量的演变

• 批准号: 0415653
• 负责人: William Bradshaw
• 金额: $ 4.16万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-15 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0415653&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Evolution; Photoperiodic; Time; Measurement; Pitcher

At temperate latitudes, no life cycle is complete without the ability to exploit the favorable season, to avoid (migration) or mitigate (dormancy) the unfavorable season, and to make a timely transition between the two lifestyles. Many temperate arthropods, birds, fish, and mammals use the length of day as a seasonal clock to anticipate seasonal change and physiologically prepare in advance for that change. The genetically-determined "setting" of this clock varies with climate over the geographic ranges of animals, but it is not clear to what degree the clock mediating seasonal events is genetically independent of the (circadian) clock mediating daily events in the lives of animals. Towards understanding the genetic connection between the seasonal and daily clocks, replicate lines selected for divergent expression of the seasonal clock have been developed in the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii through prior NSF support. They are unique: No other such lines exist for any animal. Maintenance of the selected lines is essential for their future use in this and other labs for determining the physiological processes responsible for seasonal adaptation. Understanding these processes is important because, ultimately, they affect how animals are able to disperse over broad geographical ranges where they encounter novel seasonal environments, and to persist when confronted with rapid climate change, including global warming. This award will be used to support the maintenance of the selected lines, an important biological resource.

在温带地区，如果没有能力利用有利的季节，避免（迁移）或减轻（休眠）不利的季节，并在两种生活方式之间及时过渡，那么生命周期就不完整。 许多温带节肢动物，鸟类，鱼类和哺乳动物使用一天的长度作为季节性时钟来预测季节变化，并提前为这种变化做好生理准备。 在动物的地理范围内，这种生物钟的基因决定的“设置”随气候而变化，但目前尚不清楚调节季节事件的生物钟在多大程度上与调节动物生活中日常事件的（昼夜）生物钟在基因上无关。 为了了解季节性和日常时钟之间的遗传联系，通过先前的NSF支持，在猪笼草蚊子（Wyeomyia smithii）中开发了选择用于季节性时钟的不同表达的复制系。 它们是独一无二的：任何动物都不存在其他这样的线条。 维护选定的线是必不可少的，他们在这个和其他实验室确定负责季节性适应的生理过程的未来使用。 了解这些过程很重要，因为它们最终会影响动物在遇到新的季节性环境时如何在广泛的地理范围内分散，以及在面临快速气候变化（包括全球变暖）时如何坚持下去。这笔奖金将用于支持维持选定的品系，这是一种重要的生物资源。